Holenumn et al.: Dissolved and Particulate Major and Trace Elements
103
metals were tested using CASS and NASS water standards (near shore and open ocean
seawater references, supplied by the National Research Council of Canada) and BCSS and
MESS-I sediment reference material. The ratio of the results of our replicate analyses to the
certified values are in the range 0.95-1.13 for the dissolved elements. For Ni some excess was
obtained (1.23). However, the values for all other elements are similar to the statistical
uncertainties of the concentrations in the standards themselves. Quality assurance for the
analysis of particulate elements relied on standard reference materials from the National
Research Council of Canada (BCSS, MESS-I). Non-certified elements of the reference
material were measured with neutron activation analysis (NAA). For most elements the
recovery was between 90 and 110 %. Analytical precision was (i) better than 5% for: K, Ca, Sc
and Fe, (ii) 5% - 10% for: Be, Na, Mg, AI, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Rb, Sr, Nb, Mo, and Cs,
(iii) 10% - 15% for: Li, S, P, Cu, As, Cd, Sb, W, Th and U (iv) 15% - 18% for: Cr, Sn and
the REE.
76 I
75 0
I
74. 1
I
73 0 1
I
72 0 1
1
71 0 1
1
105 E
110 0
110'
115 0
\
\~ ~t. t
115 0
120 0
125 0
~
120·
125 0
Figure \: Sampling stations in the Laptev Sea in October 1995.
Results
130 0
135 0
140 0
145 0 E
-
78 0
~
I N
"
_
-
«)
-----I
<1>
d'
l )
. ~
~I 77
.p
I
140·
E
Particulate major and trace elements in newly formed sea ice (Laptev Sea, October 1995)
Sampling was carried out at 14 stations in the Laptev Sea (Figure I). Pancake ice, nilas and
young ice (nomenclature according to WMO, 1970) were the most common ice types sampled
during the autumn freeze-up period. Ice with low contents of ice-rafted particles « 5 mg kg-I)
was sampled in the northern and eastern Laptev Sea (Stations 297, 289, 290, 285, 287 and
288). Higher contents between 5 and 20 mg kg-I were found in the Khatanga-Anabar- region
(Stations 295, 293). Young ice sampled at Stations 291 and 292 near the Tumatskaya branch,
one of the major branches of the Lena river, and in the Olenesky Bay (Station 294) had high
particle contents in excess of 100 mg kg-I, reaching maximum contents above 500 mg kg-l
103
metals were tested using CASS and NASS water standards (near shore and open ocean
seawater references, supplied by the National Research Council of Canada) and BCSS and
MESS-I sediment reference material. The ratio of the results of our replicate analyses to the
certified values are in the range 0.95-1.13 for the dissolved elements. For Ni some excess was
obtained (1.23). However, the values for all other elements are similar to the statistical
uncertainties of the concentrations in the standards themselves. Quality assurance for the
analysis of particulate elements relied on standard reference materials from the National
Research Council of Canada (BCSS, MESS-I). Non-certified elements of the reference
material were measured with neutron activation analysis (NAA). For most elements the
recovery was between 90 and 110 %. Analytical precision was (i) better than 5% for: K, Ca, Sc
and Fe, (ii) 5% - 10% for: Be, Na, Mg, AI, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Rb, Sr, Nb, Mo, and Cs,
(iii) 10% - 15% for: Li, S, P, Cu, As, Cd, Sb, W, Th and U (iv) 15% - 18% for: Cr, Sn and
the REE.
76 I
75 0
I
74. 1
I
73 0 1
I
72 0 1
1
71 0 1
1
105 E
110 0
110'
115 0
\
\~ ~t. t
115 0
120 0
125 0
~
120·
125 0
Figure \: Sampling stations in the Laptev Sea in October 1995.
Results
130 0
135 0
140 0
145 0 E
-
78 0
~
I N
"
_
-
«)
-----I
<1>
d'
l )
. ~
~I 77
.p
I
140·
E
Particulate major and trace elements in newly formed sea ice (Laptev Sea, October 1995)
Sampling was carried out at 14 stations in the Laptev Sea (Figure I). Pancake ice, nilas and
young ice (nomenclature according to WMO, 1970) were the most common ice types sampled
during the autumn freeze-up period. Ice with low contents of ice-rafted particles « 5 mg kg-I)
was sampled in the northern and eastern Laptev Sea (Stations 297, 289, 290, 285, 287 and
288). Higher contents between 5 and 20 mg kg-I were found in the Khatanga-Anabar- region
(Stations 295, 293). Young ice sampled at Stations 291 and 292 near the Tumatskaya branch,
one of the major branches of the Lena river, and in the Olenesky Bay (Station 294) had high
particle contents in excess of 100 mg kg-I, reaching maximum contents above 500 mg kg-l