while it moved to the north. The motion of the supercontinent is interpreted to be primarily caused by TPW defined
as the drift of the spin axis with respect to entire solid
Earth, rather than other types of phenomenon such as lithospheric motion or an artifact produced by nondipole
components. The c. 50
rotation is interpreted to result
from the motion of the lithosphere AND the mantle. Estimated paleolatitudes are in good agreement with paleoclimatic proxies derived from fossil and geological records
having a geographic distribution limited to certain climatic
regions.
Bibliography
Åberg, G., Aguirre, L., Levi, B., and Nyström, J. O., 1984.
Spreading-subsidence and 382 generation of ensialic marginal
basins: an example from the early Cretaceous of central Chile.
In Vokelaar, B. P., Howells, M. F. (eds.), Marginal Basins. Geological Society of London, Special Publication, 16, pp. 185–193.
Arias, C., 2009. Extinction pattern of marine Ostracoda across the
Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary in the Cordillera Ibérica, NE
Spain: causes and consequences. Geobios, 42, 1–15.
Beck, M. E., Jr., 1999. Jurassic and Cretaceous apparent polar wander relative to South America: some tectonic implications. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 5063–5067.
Besse, J., and Courtillot, V., 2002. Apparent and true polar wander
and the geometry of the geomagnetic field over the last
200 Myr. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, doi:10.1029/
2000JB000050.
Cobbing, E. J., Pitcher, W. S., Wilson, J. J., Baldock, J. W., Taylor,
W. P., McCourt, W., and Snelling, N. J., 1981. The geology of the
western cordillera of northern Perú. Institute of Geological Sciences, Overseas Memoir, 5, 1–143.
Cox, A., and Hart, R. B., 1986. Plate Tectonics: How It
Works. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Palo Alto, Calif.,
392 pp.
Creer, K. M., Irving, E., and Runcorn, S. K., 1954. The direction of
the geomagnetic field in remote epochs in Great Britain. Journal
of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity, 6, 163–168.
Damborenea, S. E., 2001. Unidades paleobiogeográficas marinas
jurásicas basadas sobre moluscos bivalvos: una visión desde el
Hemisferio Sur. Anales Academia Nacional de Ciencias
Exactas, Fı ´sicasy Naturales, 53, 141–160.
Damborenea, S. E., 2002. Jurassic evolution of Southern Hemisphere marine palaeobiogeographic units based on benthonic
bivalves. Geobios, 35, 51–71.
Evans, M. E., 1976. Test of the dipolar nature of the geomagnetic
field throughout Phanerozoic time. Nature, 262, 676–677.
Frei, L. S., and Cox, A., 1987. Relative displacement between Eurasia and North America prior to the formation of oceanic crust in
the North Atlantic. Tectonophysics, 142, 111–136.
Giambiagi, L., Bechis, F., García, V., and Clark, A., 2008. Temporal
and spatial relationships of thin-skinned deformation: a case
study from the Malargüe fold and thrust belt. Southern Central
Andes Tectonophysics, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.069.
Goldreich, P., and Toomre, A., 1969. Some remarks on polar wandering. Journal of Geophyical Research, 74, 2555–2567.
Iglesia Llanos, M. P., and Prezzi, C. B., 2013. The role of true polar
wander on the Jurassic palaeoclimate. International Journal of
Earth Sciences, 102, 745–759.
Jurdy, D. M., and van der Voo, R., 1975. True polar wander since the
Early Cretaceous. Science, 187, 1193–1196.
Kent, D.V., and Irving, E., 2010. Influence of inclination error in
sedimentary rocks on the Triassic and Jurassic apparent pole
wander path for North America and implications for Cordilleran
tectonics. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, doi:10.1029/
2009JB007205.
Klitgord, K. D., and Schouten, H., 1986. Plate kinematics of the central Atlantic. In Vogt, P. R., and Tulchoke, B. E. (eds.), The Geology of North America, vol. M, The Western North Atlantic Region.
New York: Geological Society of America, pp. 351–378.
Lawver, L., and Scotese, C. R., 1987. A revised reconstruction of
Gondwanaland. In McKenzie, G. D. (ed.), Gondwana Six: Structure, Tectonics and Geophysics. Washington, DC: American
Geophysical Union Monograph, Vol. 40, pp. 17–23.
Livermore, R. A., Vine, F. J., and Smith, A. G., 1983. Plate motions
and the geomagnetic field – I. Quaternary and late tertiary. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 73, 153–171.
Livermore, R. A., Vine, F. J., and Smith, A. G., 1984. Plate motions
and the geomagnetic field – II. Jurassic to tertiary. Geophysical
Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 79, 939–961.
Llanos, I., Riccardi, A. C., and Singer, S. E., 2006. Palaeomagnetic
study of lower Jurassic marine strata from the Neuquén Basin,
Argentina: a new Jurassic apparent polar wander path for South
America. Earth Planetary Science Letters, 252, 379–397.
Macchioni, F., and Cecca, F., 2002. Biodiversity and biogeography
of middle-late liassic ammonoids: implications for the Early
Toarcian mass extinction. Geobios, 35, 165–175.
McElhinny, M. W., and Brock, A., 1975. A new palaeomagnetic
result from East Africa and estimates of the Mesozoic
palaeoradius. Earth Planetary Science Letters, 27, 321–328.
Morgan, W. J., 1983. Hotspot tracks and the early rifting of the
Atlantic. Tectonophysics, 94, 123–139.
Mpodozis, C., and Allmendinger, R. W., 1993. Extensional tectonics, Cretaceous Andes, northern Chile (27
S). Geological Society American Bulletin, 105, 1462–1477.
Oviedo, E., and Vilas, J. F., 1984. Movimientos recurrentes en el
Permo-Triásico entre el Gondwana Occidental y el Oriental. In
Actas 9
Congreso Geológico Argentino, Vol. 3, pp. 97–114.
Prévot, M., Mattern, E., Camps, P., and Daignières, M., 2000. Evidence for a 20
tilting of the Earth’s rotation axis 110 million
years ago. Earth Planetary Science Letters, 179, 517–528.
Rosales, I., Quesada, S., and Robles, S., 2004. Paleotemperature
variations of Early Jurassic seawater recorded in geochemical
trends of belemnites from the Basque – Cantabrian basin, northern Spain. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,
203, 253–275.
Sager, W. W., and Koppers, A. A. P., 2000. Late Cretaceous polar
wander of the pacific plate: evidence of a rapid true polar wander
event. Science, 287, 455–459.
Somoza, R., and Zaffarana, C. B., 2008. Mid-Cretaceous polar
standstill of South America, motion of the Atlantic hotspots
and the birth of the Andean cordillera. Earth Planetary Science
Letters, 271, 267–277.
Torsvik, T. H., Dietmar Müller, R., Van der Voo, R., Steinberger, B.,
and Gaina, C., 2008. Global plate motion frames: toward a unified mode. Reviews of Geophysics, 46, RG3004. 1–44.
Valencio, D. A., Vilas, J. F., and Pacca, I. G., 1983. The significance
of the palaeomagnetism of Jurassic-Cretaceous rocks from South
America: predrift movements, hairpins and Magnetostratigraphy. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 73, 135–151.
Zakharov, V. A., Shurygin, B. N., Il’ina, V. I., and Nikitenko, B. L.,
2006. Pliensbachian–Toarcian biotic turnover in North Siberia
and the Arctic region. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation,
14, 399–417.
Cross-references
Paleophysiography of Ocean Basins
Paleomagmatism and Jurassic Paleography
Plate Tectonics
PALEOMAGNETISM AND JURASSIC PALEOGEOGRAPHY
637
as the drift of the spin axis with respect to entire solid
Earth, rather than other types of phenomenon such as lithospheric motion or an artifact produced by nondipole
components. The c. 50
rotation is interpreted to result
from the motion of the lithosphere AND the mantle. Estimated paleolatitudes are in good agreement with paleoclimatic proxies derived from fossil and geological records
having a geographic distribution limited to certain climatic
regions.
Bibliography
Åberg, G., Aguirre, L., Levi, B., and Nyström, J. O., 1984.
Spreading-subsidence and 382 generation of ensialic marginal
basins: an example from the early Cretaceous of central Chile.
In Vokelaar, B. P., Howells, M. F. (eds.), Marginal Basins. Geological Society of London, Special Publication, 16, pp. 185–193.
Arias, C., 2009. Extinction pattern of marine Ostracoda across the
Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary in the Cordillera Ibérica, NE
Spain: causes and consequences. Geobios, 42, 1–15.
Beck, M. E., Jr., 1999. Jurassic and Cretaceous apparent polar wander relative to South America: some tectonic implications. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 5063–5067.
Besse, J., and Courtillot, V., 2002. Apparent and true polar wander
and the geometry of the geomagnetic field over the last
200 Myr. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, doi:10.1029/
2000JB000050.
Cobbing, E. J., Pitcher, W. S., Wilson, J. J., Baldock, J. W., Taylor,
W. P., McCourt, W., and Snelling, N. J., 1981. The geology of the
western cordillera of northern Perú. Institute of Geological Sciences, Overseas Memoir, 5, 1–143.
Cox, A., and Hart, R. B., 1986. Plate Tectonics: How It
Works. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Palo Alto, Calif.,
392 pp.
Creer, K. M., Irving, E., and Runcorn, S. K., 1954. The direction of
the geomagnetic field in remote epochs in Great Britain. Journal
of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity, 6, 163–168.
Damborenea, S. E., 2001. Unidades paleobiogeográficas marinas
jurásicas basadas sobre moluscos bivalvos: una visión desde el
Hemisferio Sur. Anales Academia Nacional de Ciencias
Exactas, Fı ´sicasy Naturales, 53, 141–160.
Damborenea, S. E., 2002. Jurassic evolution of Southern Hemisphere marine palaeobiogeographic units based on benthonic
bivalves. Geobios, 35, 51–71.
Evans, M. E., 1976. Test of the dipolar nature of the geomagnetic
field throughout Phanerozoic time. Nature, 262, 676–677.
Frei, L. S., and Cox, A., 1987. Relative displacement between Eurasia and North America prior to the formation of oceanic crust in
the North Atlantic. Tectonophysics, 142, 111–136.
Giambiagi, L., Bechis, F., García, V., and Clark, A., 2008. Temporal
and spatial relationships of thin-skinned deformation: a case
study from the Malargüe fold and thrust belt. Southern Central
Andes Tectonophysics, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.069.
Goldreich, P., and Toomre, A., 1969. Some remarks on polar wandering. Journal of Geophyical Research, 74, 2555–2567.
Iglesia Llanos, M. P., and Prezzi, C. B., 2013. The role of true polar
wander on the Jurassic palaeoclimate. International Journal of
Earth Sciences, 102, 745–759.
Jurdy, D. M., and van der Voo, R., 1975. True polar wander since the
Early Cretaceous. Science, 187, 1193–1196.
Kent, D.V., and Irving, E., 2010. Influence of inclination error in
sedimentary rocks on the Triassic and Jurassic apparent pole
wander path for North America and implications for Cordilleran
tectonics. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, doi:10.1029/
2009JB007205.
Klitgord, K. D., and Schouten, H., 1986. Plate kinematics of the central Atlantic. In Vogt, P. R., and Tulchoke, B. E. (eds.), The Geology of North America, vol. M, The Western North Atlantic Region.
New York: Geological Society of America, pp. 351–378.
Lawver, L., and Scotese, C. R., 1987. A revised reconstruction of
Gondwanaland. In McKenzie, G. D. (ed.), Gondwana Six: Structure, Tectonics and Geophysics. Washington, DC: American
Geophysical Union Monograph, Vol. 40, pp. 17–23.
Livermore, R. A., Vine, F. J., and Smith, A. G., 1983. Plate motions
and the geomagnetic field – I. Quaternary and late tertiary. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 73, 153–171.
Livermore, R. A., Vine, F. J., and Smith, A. G., 1984. Plate motions
and the geomagnetic field – II. Jurassic to tertiary. Geophysical
Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 79, 939–961.
Llanos, I., Riccardi, A. C., and Singer, S. E., 2006. Palaeomagnetic
study of lower Jurassic marine strata from the Neuquén Basin,
Argentina: a new Jurassic apparent polar wander path for South
America. Earth Planetary Science Letters, 252, 379–397.
Macchioni, F., and Cecca, F., 2002. Biodiversity and biogeography
of middle-late liassic ammonoids: implications for the Early
Toarcian mass extinction. Geobios, 35, 165–175.
McElhinny, M. W., and Brock, A., 1975. A new palaeomagnetic
result from East Africa and estimates of the Mesozoic
palaeoradius. Earth Planetary Science Letters, 27, 321–328.
Morgan, W. J., 1983. Hotspot tracks and the early rifting of the
Atlantic. Tectonophysics, 94, 123–139.
Mpodozis, C., and Allmendinger, R. W., 1993. Extensional tectonics, Cretaceous Andes, northern Chile (27
S). Geological Society American Bulletin, 105, 1462–1477.
Oviedo, E., and Vilas, J. F., 1984. Movimientos recurrentes en el
Permo-Triásico entre el Gondwana Occidental y el Oriental. In
Actas 9
Congreso Geológico Argentino, Vol. 3, pp. 97–114.
Prévot, M., Mattern, E., Camps, P., and Daignières, M., 2000. Evidence for a 20
tilting of the Earth’s rotation axis 110 million
years ago. Earth Planetary Science Letters, 179, 517–528.
Rosales, I., Quesada, S., and Robles, S., 2004. Paleotemperature
variations of Early Jurassic seawater recorded in geochemical
trends of belemnites from the Basque – Cantabrian basin, northern Spain. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,
203, 253–275.
Sager, W. W., and Koppers, A. A. P., 2000. Late Cretaceous polar
wander of the pacific plate: evidence of a rapid true polar wander
event. Science, 287, 455–459.
Somoza, R., and Zaffarana, C. B., 2008. Mid-Cretaceous polar
standstill of South America, motion of the Atlantic hotspots
and the birth of the Andean cordillera. Earth Planetary Science
Letters, 271, 267–277.
Torsvik, T. H., Dietmar Müller, R., Van der Voo, R., Steinberger, B.,
and Gaina, C., 2008. Global plate motion frames: toward a unified mode. Reviews of Geophysics, 46, RG3004. 1–44.
Valencio, D. A., Vilas, J. F., and Pacca, I. G., 1983. The significance
of the palaeomagnetism of Jurassic-Cretaceous rocks from South
America: predrift movements, hairpins and Magnetostratigraphy. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 73, 135–151.
Zakharov, V. A., Shurygin, B. N., Il’ina, V. I., and Nikitenko, B. L.,
2006. Pliensbachian–Toarcian biotic turnover in North Siberia
and the Arctic region. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation,
14, 399–417.
Cross-references
Paleophysiography of Ocean Basins
Paleomagmatism and Jurassic Paleography
Plate Tectonics
PALEOMAGNETISM AND JURASSIC PALEOGEOGRAPHY
637