ODP 658
–170
–160
–150
–140
δD n-C31 [‰ VSMOW]
(ODP 659)
–130
–30
–28
–26
–24
δ 13 C n-C 31 [‰ VPDB]
(ODP 658)
–22
–20
–26
–25
–24
–23
δ 13 C n-C 31 [‰ VPDB]
(GeoB9508-5)
–22
–21
–28
–27
–26
–25
δ 13 C n-C 31 [‰ VPDB]
(GeoB9528-3)
–24
–23
–26
–24
–25
δ 13 C n-C 31 [‰ VPDB]
(ODP 659)
ODP 659
GeoB9508-5
GeoB9528-3
0
20
40
60
Age [ka]
80
100
120
c
d
wetter more C
3
drier more C
4
–23
δD
e
f
δ
13
C
–170
–160
–150
–140
δD n-C 31 [‰ VSMOW]
(GeoB9508-5)
–130
20°W
30°N
20°N
10°N
30°N
20°N
10°N
30°N
20°N
10°N
10°W
20°W
10°W
20°W
10°W
20°W
10°W
a
b
Paleoceanographic Proxies, Figure 3 Distribution of C3 and C4 plants in North Africa during the interglacial (African Humid period, AHP, ca. 9 ky BP) and glacial (Last
Glacial Maximum, LGM, ca. 20 ky) (from Kuechler et al., 2013).
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PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC PROXIES