reconstructions of surface ocean hydrography in the Agulhas
Corridor and implications for the Agulhas Leakage dduring the
last 345,000 years. Paleoceanography, 25, PA4227,
doi:10.1029/2009PA001879.
Maslin, M. A., and Burns, S. J., 2000. Reconstruction of the Amazon Basin effective moisture availability over the last 14,000
years. Science, 290, 2285–2287.
Maslin, M. A., and Swann, G., 2005. Isotopes in marine sediments.
In Leng, M. (ed.), Isotopes in Palaeoenvironmnetal Research.
Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 227–290.
Maslin, M. A., Shackleton, N. J., and Pflaumann, U., 1995. Temperature, salinity and density changes in the Northeast Atlantic during the last 45,000 years: Heinrich events, deep water formation
and climatic rebounds. Paleoceanography, 10, 527–544.
Maslin, M. A., Ettwein, V. J., Wilson, K. E., Guilderson, T. P.,
Burns, S. J., and Leng, M. J., 2011. Dynamic boundary-monsoon
intensity hypothesis: evidence from the deglacial Amazon River
discharge record. Quaternary Science Reviews, 30, 3823–3833.
McCrea, J. M., 1950. On the isotope chemistry of carbonates and a
paleotemperature scale. Journal of Chemical Physics, 18,
849–857.
O’Neil, J. R., Clayton, R. N., and Mayeda, T. K., 1969. Oxygen isotope fractionation on divalent metal carbonates. Journal of
Chemical Physics, 51, 5547–5558.
Pearson, P. N., 2012. Oxygen isotopes in foraminifera: overview
and historical review. Paleontological Society Papers, 18, 1–38.
Pearson, P. N., van Dongen, B. E., Nicholas, C. J., Pancost, R. D.,
Schouten, S., Singano, J. M., and Wade, B. S., 2007. Stable
warm tropical climate through the Eocene epoch. Geology, 35,
211–214.
Pflaumann, U., Sarnthein, M., Chapman, M., d’Abreu, L., Funnell,
B., Huels, M., Kiefer, T., Maslin, M. A., Schulz, H., Swallow, J.,
van Kreveld, S., Vautravers, M., Vogelsang, E., and Weinelt, M.,
2003. The Glacial North Atlantic: sea-surface conditions
reconstructed by GLAMAP-2000. Paleoceanography, 18,
1065, doi:10.1029/2002PA000774.
Prahl, F. G., and Wakeham, S. G., 1987. Calibration of unsaturation
patterns in long-chain ketone compositions for palaeotemperature assessment. Nature, 330, 367–369.
Rohling, E. J., 2000. Paleosalinity: confidence limits and future
applications. Marine Geology, 163, 1–11.
Rohling, E. J., and Cooke, S., 1999. Stable oxygen and carbon isotope ratios in foraminiferal carbonate. In Sen Gupta, B. K. (ed.),
Modern Foraminifera. Dordrecht: Kluwer, pp. 239–258.
Schmidt, G. A., 1999. Error analysis of paleosalinity calculations.
Paleoceanography, 14, 422–429.
Schouten, S., Hopmans, E. C., Schefuß, E., and Sinninghe Damsté,
J. S., 2002. Distributional variations in marine crenarchaeotal
membrane lipids: a new organic proxy for reconstructing ancient
sea water temperatures? Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
204, 265–274.
Schrag, D. P., 1999. Effects of diagenesis on the isotopic record of
late Paleogene tropical sea surface temperatures. Chemical Geology, 161, 215–224.
Schrag, D. P., Hampt, G., and Murray, D. W., 1996. Pore fluid constraints on the temperature and oxygen isotopic composition of
the glacial ocean. Science, 272, 1930–1932.
Schrag, D. P., Higgins, J. A., Macdonald, F. A., and Johnston, D. T.,
2013. Authigenic carbonate and the history of the global carbon
cycle. Science, 339, 540–543.
Shackleton, N. J., 1974. Attainment of isotopic equilibrium between
ocean water and the benthonic foraminifera genus Uvigerina:
isotopic changes in the ocean during the last glacial. CNRS,
Colloques Internationals, 219, 203–209.
Shackleton, N. J., 1987. Oxygen isotopes, ice volume and sea-level.
Quaternary Science Reviews, 6, 183–190.
Shackleton, N. J., 2000. The 100,000-year ice-age cycle identified
and found to lag temperature, carbon dioxide, and orbital eccentricity. Science, 289(5486), 1897–1902.
Shackleton, N., and Boersma, A., 1981. The climate of the Eocene
ocean. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 138, 153–
157.
Shemesh, A., Hodell, D., Crosta, C., Kanfoush, S., Charles, C., and
Guilderson, T., 2002. Sequence of events during the last deglaciation in Southern Ocean sediments and Antarctic ice cores.
Paleoceanography, 17, 1056, doi:10.1029/2000PA000599.
Spero, H. J., Bijma, J., Lea, D. W., and Bemis, B. E., 1997. Effect of
seawater carbonate concentration on foraminiferal carbon and
oxygen isotopes. Nature, 390, 470–500.
Tiedemann, R., Sarnthein, M., and Shackleton, N. J., 1994. Astronomic timescale for the Pliocene Atlantic δ18O and dust flux
records of ODP Site 659. Paleoceanography, 9, 619–638.
Turchyn, A. V., and Schrag, D., 2004. Oxygen isotope constraints
on the sulphur cycle over the last 10 million years. Science,
303, 2004–2007.
Turchyn, A. V., Schrag, D. P., Coccioni, R., and Montanari, A.,
2009. Stable isotope analysis of the Cretaceous sulfur cycle.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, doi:10.1016/j.
epsl.2009.06.002.
Wang, L. J., Sarnthein, M., Erlenkeuser, H., Grootes, P., Grimalt, J.,
Pelejero, C., and Linck, G., 1999. Holocene variations in Asian
monsoon moisture: a bidecadal sediment record from the South
China Sea. Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 2889–2892.
Wilson, P. A., and Norris, R. D., 2001. Warm tropical ocean surface
and global anoxia during the mid-Cretaceous period. Nature,
412, 425–429.
Zeebe, R. E., 1999. An explanation of the effect of seawater carbonate concentration on foraminiferal oxygen isotopes. Geochimica
et Cosmochimica Acta, 63, 2001–2007.
Zeebe, R. E., and Wolf-Gladrow, D. A., 2001. CO 2 in Seawater:
Equilibrium, Kinetics, Isotopes. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Elsevier
Oceanography Series, 65, p. 346.
Cross-references
Astronomical Frequencies in Paleoclimates
Carbon Isotopes
Foraminifers (Benthic)
Foraminifers (Planktonic)
Geologic Time Scale
Marine Microfossils
Mg/Ca Paleothermometry
Paleoceanographic Proxies
Paleoceanography
OXYGEN ISOTOPES
617
Corridor and implications for the Agulhas Leakage dduring the
last 345,000 years. Paleoceanography, 25, PA4227,
doi:10.1029/2009PA001879.
Maslin, M. A., and Burns, S. J., 2000. Reconstruction of the Amazon Basin effective moisture availability over the last 14,000
years. Science, 290, 2285–2287.
Maslin, M. A., and Swann, G., 2005. Isotopes in marine sediments.
In Leng, M. (ed.), Isotopes in Palaeoenvironmnetal Research.
Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 227–290.
Maslin, M. A., Shackleton, N. J., and Pflaumann, U., 1995. Temperature, salinity and density changes in the Northeast Atlantic during the last 45,000 years: Heinrich events, deep water formation
and climatic rebounds. Paleoceanography, 10, 527–544.
Maslin, M. A., Ettwein, V. J., Wilson, K. E., Guilderson, T. P.,
Burns, S. J., and Leng, M. J., 2011. Dynamic boundary-monsoon
intensity hypothesis: evidence from the deglacial Amazon River
discharge record. Quaternary Science Reviews, 30, 3823–3833.
McCrea, J. M., 1950. On the isotope chemistry of carbonates and a
paleotemperature scale. Journal of Chemical Physics, 18,
849–857.
O’Neil, J. R., Clayton, R. N., and Mayeda, T. K., 1969. Oxygen isotope fractionation on divalent metal carbonates. Journal of
Chemical Physics, 51, 5547–5558.
Pearson, P. N., 2012. Oxygen isotopes in foraminifera: overview
and historical review. Paleontological Society Papers, 18, 1–38.
Pearson, P. N., van Dongen, B. E., Nicholas, C. J., Pancost, R. D.,
Schouten, S., Singano, J. M., and Wade, B. S., 2007. Stable
warm tropical climate through the Eocene epoch. Geology, 35,
211–214.
Pflaumann, U., Sarnthein, M., Chapman, M., d’Abreu, L., Funnell,
B., Huels, M., Kiefer, T., Maslin, M. A., Schulz, H., Swallow, J.,
van Kreveld, S., Vautravers, M., Vogelsang, E., and Weinelt, M.,
2003. The Glacial North Atlantic: sea-surface conditions
reconstructed by GLAMAP-2000. Paleoceanography, 18,
1065, doi:10.1029/2002PA000774.
Prahl, F. G., and Wakeham, S. G., 1987. Calibration of unsaturation
patterns in long-chain ketone compositions for palaeotemperature assessment. Nature, 330, 367–369.
Rohling, E. J., 2000. Paleosalinity: confidence limits and future
applications. Marine Geology, 163, 1–11.
Rohling, E. J., and Cooke, S., 1999. Stable oxygen and carbon isotope ratios in foraminiferal carbonate. In Sen Gupta, B. K. (ed.),
Modern Foraminifera. Dordrecht: Kluwer, pp. 239–258.
Schmidt, G. A., 1999. Error analysis of paleosalinity calculations.
Paleoceanography, 14, 422–429.
Schouten, S., Hopmans, E. C., Schefuß, E., and Sinninghe Damsté,
J. S., 2002. Distributional variations in marine crenarchaeotal
membrane lipids: a new organic proxy for reconstructing ancient
sea water temperatures? Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
204, 265–274.
Schrag, D. P., 1999. Effects of diagenesis on the isotopic record of
late Paleogene tropical sea surface temperatures. Chemical Geology, 161, 215–224.
Schrag, D. P., Hampt, G., and Murray, D. W., 1996. Pore fluid constraints on the temperature and oxygen isotopic composition of
the glacial ocean. Science, 272, 1930–1932.
Schrag, D. P., Higgins, J. A., Macdonald, F. A., and Johnston, D. T.,
2013. Authigenic carbonate and the history of the global carbon
cycle. Science, 339, 540–543.
Shackleton, N. J., 1974. Attainment of isotopic equilibrium between
ocean water and the benthonic foraminifera genus Uvigerina:
isotopic changes in the ocean during the last glacial. CNRS,
Colloques Internationals, 219, 203–209.
Shackleton, N. J., 1987. Oxygen isotopes, ice volume and sea-level.
Quaternary Science Reviews, 6, 183–190.
Shackleton, N. J., 2000. The 100,000-year ice-age cycle identified
and found to lag temperature, carbon dioxide, and orbital eccentricity. Science, 289(5486), 1897–1902.
Shackleton, N., and Boersma, A., 1981. The climate of the Eocene
ocean. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 138, 153–
157.
Shemesh, A., Hodell, D., Crosta, C., Kanfoush, S., Charles, C., and
Guilderson, T., 2002. Sequence of events during the last deglaciation in Southern Ocean sediments and Antarctic ice cores.
Paleoceanography, 17, 1056, doi:10.1029/2000PA000599.
Spero, H. J., Bijma, J., Lea, D. W., and Bemis, B. E., 1997. Effect of
seawater carbonate concentration on foraminiferal carbon and
oxygen isotopes. Nature, 390, 470–500.
Tiedemann, R., Sarnthein, M., and Shackleton, N. J., 1994. Astronomic timescale for the Pliocene Atlantic δ18O and dust flux
records of ODP Site 659. Paleoceanography, 9, 619–638.
Turchyn, A. V., and Schrag, D., 2004. Oxygen isotope constraints
on the sulphur cycle over the last 10 million years. Science,
303, 2004–2007.
Turchyn, A. V., Schrag, D. P., Coccioni, R., and Montanari, A.,
2009. Stable isotope analysis of the Cretaceous sulfur cycle.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, doi:10.1016/j.
epsl.2009.06.002.
Wang, L. J., Sarnthein, M., Erlenkeuser, H., Grootes, P., Grimalt, J.,
Pelejero, C., and Linck, G., 1999. Holocene variations in Asian
monsoon moisture: a bidecadal sediment record from the South
China Sea. Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 2889–2892.
Wilson, P. A., and Norris, R. D., 2001. Warm tropical ocean surface
and global anoxia during the mid-Cretaceous period. Nature,
412, 425–429.
Zeebe, R. E., 1999. An explanation of the effect of seawater carbonate concentration on foraminiferal oxygen isotopes. Geochimica
et Cosmochimica Acta, 63, 2001–2007.
Zeebe, R. E., and Wolf-Gladrow, D. A., 2001. CO 2 in Seawater:
Equilibrium, Kinetics, Isotopes. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Elsevier
Oceanography Series, 65, p. 346.
Cross-references
Astronomical Frequencies in Paleoclimates
Carbon Isotopes
Foraminifers (Benthic)
Foraminifers (Planktonic)
Geologic Time Scale
Marine Microfossils
Mg/Ca Paleothermometry
Paleoceanographic Proxies
Paleoceanography
OXYGEN ISOTOPES
617