Catuneanu, O., 2004. Retroarc foreland systems–evolution through
time. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 38, 225–242.
Chopin, C., 1984. Coesite and pure pyrope in high grade blueschists
of the Western Alps: a first record and some consequences. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 86, 107–118.
Clevis, Q., De Boer, P. L., and Nijman, W., 2004. Differentiating the
effect of episodic tectonism and eustatic sea-level fluctuations in
foreland basins filled by alluvial fans and axial deltaic systems:
insights from a three-dimensional stratigraphic forward model.
Sedimentology, 51, 809–835.
Cloetingh, S., and Willett, S. D., 2013. Linking deep earth and surface processes. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
94, 53–54.
Colchen, M., Mascle, G., and van Haver, T., 1986. Some aspects of
collision tectonics in the Indus Suture Zone, Ladakh. In Coward,
M. P., and Ries, A. C. (eds.), Collision Tectonics. London: The
Geological Society of London, Special Publications,
pp. 173–184.
Collettini, C., and Holdsworth, R. E., 2004. Fault zone weakening
and character of slip along low-angle normal faults: insights
from the Zuccale fault, Elba, Italy. Journal of the Geological
Society, 161, 1039–1051.
Costa, E., and Vendeville, B. C., 2002. Experimental insights on the
geometry and kinematics of fold-and-thrust belts above weak,
viscous evaporitic decollement. Journal of Structural Geology,
24, 1729–1739.
Cruz, L., Malinski, J., Wilson, A., Take, W. A., and Hilley, G., 2010.
Erosional control of the kinematics and geometry of fold-andthrust belts imaged in a physical and numerical sandbox. Journal
of Geophysical Research, 115, B09404, doi:10.1029/
2010jb007472.
Dahlstrom, C. D. A., 1969. Balanced cross sections. Canadian
Journal of Earth Sciences, 6, 743–757.
Davis, J. H., and von Blanckenburg, F., 1995. Slab breakoff:
a model of lithosphere detachment and its test in the magmatism
and deformation of collisional orogens. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 129, 85–102.
Davis, D., Suppe, J., and Dahlen, F. A., 1983. Mechanics of foldand-thrust belts and accretionary wedges. Journal of Geophysical Research, 88, 1153–1172.
DeCelles, P. G., and DeCelles, P. C., 2001. Rates of shortening,
propagation, underthrusting, and flexural wave migration in continental orogenic systems. Geology, 29, 135–138.
DeCelles, P. G., and Giles, K. A., 1996. Foreland basin systems.
Basin Research, 8, 105–123.
Elliott, D., 1983. The construction of balanced cross sections. Journal of Structural Geology, 5, 101.
Ellis, S., 1996. Forces driving continental collision: reconciling indentation and mantle subduction tectonics. Geology, 24, 699–702.
Ellis, S., Schreurs, G., and Panien, M., 2004. Comparisons between
analogue and numerical models of thrust wedge development.
Journal of Structural Geology, 26, 1659–1675.
England, P. C., and Molnar, P., 1990. Surface uplift, uplift of rocks,
and exhumation of rocks. Geology, 18, 1173–1177.
Eriksson, P., Altermann, W., Nelson, D., Mueller, W., and
Catuneanu, O., 2004. The Precambrian Earth: Tempos and
Events. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Ernst, G., 2001. Subduction, ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism, and
regurgitation of buoyant crustal slices implications for arcs and
continental growth. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,
127, 253–275.
Ernst, W. G., 2005. Alpine and Pacific styles of Phanerozoic mountain building: subduction-zone petrogenesis of continental crust.
Terra Nova, 17, 165–188.
Faccenna, C., Becker, T. W., Conrad, C. P., and Husson, L., 2013.
Mountain building and mantle dynamics. Tectonics, 32, 80–93,
doi:10.1029/2012TC003176.
Fillon, C., Huismans, R. S., and van der Beek, P., 2013. Syntectonic
sedimentation effects on the growth of fold-and-thrust belts.
Geology, 41, 83–86.
Frehner, M., Reif, D., and Grasemann, B., 2012. Mechanical versus
kinematical shortening reconstructions of the Zagros High
Folded Zone (Kurdistan region of Iraq). Tectonics, 31,
TC3002, doi:10.1029/2011tc003010.
Frisch, W., Meschede, M., and Blakey, R. C., 2011. Plate Tectonics –
Continental Drift and Mountain Building. Berlin, Heidelberg:
Springer.
Froitzheim, N., Pleuger, J., Roller, S., and Nagel, T., 2003. Exhumation of high- and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks by slab
extraction. Geology, 31, 925–928.
Garcia-Castellanos, D., Fernàndez, M., and Torne, M., 1997.
Numerical modeling of foreland basin formation: a program
relating thrusting, flexure, sediment geometry and lithosphere
rheology. Computers & Geosciences, 23, 993–1003.
Gerya, T. V., 2012. Three-dimensional thermomechanical modeling
of oceanic spreading initiation and évolution. Physics of the
Earth and Planetary Interiors, 214, 35–52.
Gerya, T. V., and Yuen, D. A., 2003. Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities
from hydration and melting propel “cold plumes” at subduction
zones. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 212, 47–62.
Gerya, T. V., Stöckhert, B., and Perchuk, A. L., 2002. Exhumation
of high-pressure metamorphic rocks in a subduction channel:
a numerical simulation. Tectonics, 21, 1056, doi:10.1029/
2002TC001406.
Gerya, T. V., Yuen, D. A., and Sevre, E. O. D., 2004. Dynamical
causes for incipient magma chambers above slabs. Geology,
32, 89–92.
Gerya, T. V., Perchuck, L. L., and Burg, J. P., 2008. Transient hot
channels: perpetrating and regurgitating ultrahigh-pressure,
high-temperature crust-mantle associations in collision belts.
Lithos, 103, 236–256.
Gorczyk, W., Gerya, T. V., Connolly, J. A. D., and Yuen, D. A.,
2007a. Growth and mixing dynamics of mantle wedge plumes.
Geology, 35, 587–590.
Gorczyk, W., Willner, A. P., Gerya, T. V., Connolly, J. A. D.,
and Burg, J.-P., 2007b. Physical controls of magmatic
productivity at Pacific-type convergent margins: numerical
modelling. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 163,
209–232.
Grasemann, B., and Schmalholz, S. M., 2012. Lateral fold growth
and fold linkage. Geology, 40, 1039–1042.
Grasemann, B., and Tschegg, C., 2012. Localization of deformation
triggered by chemo-mechanical feedback processes. Geological
Society of America Bulletin, 124, 737–745.
Grasemann, B., Fritz, H., and Vannay, J.-C., 1999. Quantitative
kinematic flow analysis from the Main Central Thrust Zone
(NW-Himalaya, India); implications for a decelerating strain
path and the extrusion of orogenic wedges. Journal of Structural
Geology, 21, 837–853.
Groshong, R. H., Jr., 1994. Area balance, depth to detachment, and
strain in extension. Tectonics, 13, 1488–1497.
Grujic, D., Casey, M., Davidson, C., Hollister, L. S., Kündig, R.,
Pavlis, T., and Schmid, S., 1996. Ductile extrusion of the Higher
Himalayan Crystalline in Bhutan: evidence from quartz
microfabrics. Tectonophysics, 260, 21–43.
Grujic, D., Hollister, L. S., and Parrish, R. R., 2002. Himalayan
metamorphic sequence as an orogenic channel: insight from
Bhutan. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 198, 177–191.
Hacker, B. R., and Liou, J. G., 1998. When Continents Collide:
Geodynamics and Geochemistry of Ultrahigh-Pressure Rocks.
Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Hacker, B. R., and Peacock, S. M., 1995. Exhumation of ultrahighpressure metamorphic rocks: constraints from kinetic studies and
thermal modeling. In Coleman, R. C., and Wang, X. (eds.),
608
OROGENY
time. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 38, 225–242.
Chopin, C., 1984. Coesite and pure pyrope in high grade blueschists
of the Western Alps: a first record and some consequences. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 86, 107–118.
Clevis, Q., De Boer, P. L., and Nijman, W., 2004. Differentiating the
effect of episodic tectonism and eustatic sea-level fluctuations in
foreland basins filled by alluvial fans and axial deltaic systems:
insights from a three-dimensional stratigraphic forward model.
Sedimentology, 51, 809–835.
Cloetingh, S., and Willett, S. D., 2013. Linking deep earth and surface processes. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
94, 53–54.
Colchen, M., Mascle, G., and van Haver, T., 1986. Some aspects of
collision tectonics in the Indus Suture Zone, Ladakh. In Coward,
M. P., and Ries, A. C. (eds.), Collision Tectonics. London: The
Geological Society of London, Special Publications,
pp. 173–184.
Collettini, C., and Holdsworth, R. E., 2004. Fault zone weakening
and character of slip along low-angle normal faults: insights
from the Zuccale fault, Elba, Italy. Journal of the Geological
Society, 161, 1039–1051.
Costa, E., and Vendeville, B. C., 2002. Experimental insights on the
geometry and kinematics of fold-and-thrust belts above weak,
viscous evaporitic decollement. Journal of Structural Geology,
24, 1729–1739.
Cruz, L., Malinski, J., Wilson, A., Take, W. A., and Hilley, G., 2010.
Erosional control of the kinematics and geometry of fold-andthrust belts imaged in a physical and numerical sandbox. Journal
of Geophysical Research, 115, B09404, doi:10.1029/
2010jb007472.
Dahlstrom, C. D. A., 1969. Balanced cross sections. Canadian
Journal of Earth Sciences, 6, 743–757.
Davis, J. H., and von Blanckenburg, F., 1995. Slab breakoff:
a model of lithosphere detachment and its test in the magmatism
and deformation of collisional orogens. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 129, 85–102.
Davis, D., Suppe, J., and Dahlen, F. A., 1983. Mechanics of foldand-thrust belts and accretionary wedges. Journal of Geophysical Research, 88, 1153–1172.
DeCelles, P. G., and DeCelles, P. C., 2001. Rates of shortening,
propagation, underthrusting, and flexural wave migration in continental orogenic systems. Geology, 29, 135–138.
DeCelles, P. G., and Giles, K. A., 1996. Foreland basin systems.
Basin Research, 8, 105–123.
Elliott, D., 1983. The construction of balanced cross sections. Journal of Structural Geology, 5, 101.
Ellis, S., 1996. Forces driving continental collision: reconciling indentation and mantle subduction tectonics. Geology, 24, 699–702.
Ellis, S., Schreurs, G., and Panien, M., 2004. Comparisons between
analogue and numerical models of thrust wedge development.
Journal of Structural Geology, 26, 1659–1675.
England, P. C., and Molnar, P., 1990. Surface uplift, uplift of rocks,
and exhumation of rocks. Geology, 18, 1173–1177.
Eriksson, P., Altermann, W., Nelson, D., Mueller, W., and
Catuneanu, O., 2004. The Precambrian Earth: Tempos and
Events. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Ernst, G., 2001. Subduction, ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism, and
regurgitation of buoyant crustal slices implications for arcs and
continental growth. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,
127, 253–275.
Ernst, W. G., 2005. Alpine and Pacific styles of Phanerozoic mountain building: subduction-zone petrogenesis of continental crust.
Terra Nova, 17, 165–188.
Faccenna, C., Becker, T. W., Conrad, C. P., and Husson, L., 2013.
Mountain building and mantle dynamics. Tectonics, 32, 80–93,
doi:10.1029/2012TC003176.
Fillon, C., Huismans, R. S., and van der Beek, P., 2013. Syntectonic
sedimentation effects on the growth of fold-and-thrust belts.
Geology, 41, 83–86.
Frehner, M., Reif, D., and Grasemann, B., 2012. Mechanical versus
kinematical shortening reconstructions of the Zagros High
Folded Zone (Kurdistan region of Iraq). Tectonics, 31,
TC3002, doi:10.1029/2011tc003010.
Frisch, W., Meschede, M., and Blakey, R. C., 2011. Plate Tectonics –
Continental Drift and Mountain Building. Berlin, Heidelberg:
Springer.
Froitzheim, N., Pleuger, J., Roller, S., and Nagel, T., 2003. Exhumation of high- and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks by slab
extraction. Geology, 31, 925–928.
Garcia-Castellanos, D., Fernàndez, M., and Torne, M., 1997.
Numerical modeling of foreland basin formation: a program
relating thrusting, flexure, sediment geometry and lithosphere
rheology. Computers & Geosciences, 23, 993–1003.
Gerya, T. V., 2012. Three-dimensional thermomechanical modeling
of oceanic spreading initiation and évolution. Physics of the
Earth and Planetary Interiors, 214, 35–52.
Gerya, T. V., and Yuen, D. A., 2003. Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities
from hydration and melting propel “cold plumes” at subduction
zones. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 212, 47–62.
Gerya, T. V., Stöckhert, B., and Perchuk, A. L., 2002. Exhumation
of high-pressure metamorphic rocks in a subduction channel:
a numerical simulation. Tectonics, 21, 1056, doi:10.1029/
2002TC001406.
Gerya, T. V., Yuen, D. A., and Sevre, E. O. D., 2004. Dynamical
causes for incipient magma chambers above slabs. Geology,
32, 89–92.
Gerya, T. V., Perchuck, L. L., and Burg, J. P., 2008. Transient hot
channels: perpetrating and regurgitating ultrahigh-pressure,
high-temperature crust-mantle associations in collision belts.
Lithos, 103, 236–256.
Gorczyk, W., Gerya, T. V., Connolly, J. A. D., and Yuen, D. A.,
2007a. Growth and mixing dynamics of mantle wedge plumes.
Geology, 35, 587–590.
Gorczyk, W., Willner, A. P., Gerya, T. V., Connolly, J. A. D.,
and Burg, J.-P., 2007b. Physical controls of magmatic
productivity at Pacific-type convergent margins: numerical
modelling. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 163,
209–232.
Grasemann, B., and Schmalholz, S. M., 2012. Lateral fold growth
and fold linkage. Geology, 40, 1039–1042.
Grasemann, B., and Tschegg, C., 2012. Localization of deformation
triggered by chemo-mechanical feedback processes. Geological
Society of America Bulletin, 124, 737–745.
Grasemann, B., Fritz, H., and Vannay, J.-C., 1999. Quantitative
kinematic flow analysis from the Main Central Thrust Zone
(NW-Himalaya, India); implications for a decelerating strain
path and the extrusion of orogenic wedges. Journal of Structural
Geology, 21, 837–853.
Groshong, R. H., Jr., 1994. Area balance, depth to detachment, and
strain in extension. Tectonics, 13, 1488–1497.
Grujic, D., Casey, M., Davidson, C., Hollister, L. S., Kündig, R.,
Pavlis, T., and Schmid, S., 1996. Ductile extrusion of the Higher
Himalayan Crystalline in Bhutan: evidence from quartz
microfabrics. Tectonophysics, 260, 21–43.
Grujic, D., Hollister, L. S., and Parrish, R. R., 2002. Himalayan
metamorphic sequence as an orogenic channel: insight from
Bhutan. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 198, 177–191.
Hacker, B. R., and Liou, J. G., 1998. When Continents Collide:
Geodynamics and Geochemistry of Ultrahigh-Pressure Rocks.
Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Hacker, B. R., and Peacock, S. M., 1995. Exhumation of ultrahighpressure metamorphic rocks: constraints from kinetic studies and
thermal modeling. In Coleman, R. C., and Wang, X. (eds.),
608
OROGENY