Kerr, A. C. 2014. Oceanic plateaus. In: Rudnick, R. (ed.), The Crust.
Chapter 18. Treatise on Geochemistry, 2nd edn (Holland, H. C.,
and Turekian, K. (Series eds.)). Elsevier, Amsterdam, Vol.
4, pp. 631–667.
Kerr, A. C., and Mahoney, J. J., 2007. Oceanic plateaus: problematic plumes, potential paradigms. Chemical Geology, 241,
332–353.
Kerr, A. C., and Tarney, J., 2005. Tectonic evolution of the Caribbean and northwestern South America: the case for accretion
of two Late Cretaceous oceanic plateaus. Geology, 33, 269–272.
Kerr, A. C., Tarney, J., Marriner, G. F., Nivia, A., and Saunders,
A. D., 1997. The Caribbean-Colombian Cretaceous igneous
province: the internal anatomy of an oceanic plateau. In
Mahoney, J. J., and Coffin, M. (eds.), Large Igneous Provinces:
Continental, Oceanic and Planetary Flood Volcanism. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. American Geophysical
Union Monograph, 100, pp. 45–93.
Kerr, A. C., White, R. V., and Saunders, A. D., 2000. LIP reading:
recognizing oceanic plateaux in the geological record. Journal
of Petrology, 41, 1041–1056.
Kerr, A. C., White, R. V., Thompson, P. M. E., Tarney, J., and
Saunders, A. D., 2003. No oceanic plateau – no Caribbean plate?
The seminal role of an oceanic plateau in Caribbean plate evolution. In Bartolini, C., Buffler, R. T., and Blickwede, J. (eds.), The
Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Region: Hydrocarbon Habitats,
Basin Formation and Plate Tectonics. Tulsa: AAPG. Memoir,
79, pp. 126–168.
Kimura, G., Sakakibara, M., and Okamura, M., 1994. Plumes in
central Panthalassa? Deductions from accreted oceanic fragments in Japan. Tectonics, 13(4), 905–916.
Kroenke, L. W., 1974. Origin of continents through development
and coalescence of oceanic flood basalt plateaus. Eos, 55, 443.
Kuroda, J., Ogawa, N. O., Tanimizu, M., Coffin, M. F., Tokuyama,
H., Kitazato, H., and Ohkouchi, N., 2007. Contemporaneous
massive subaerial volcanism and late Cretaceous Oceanic
Anoxic Event 2. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 256,
211–223.
Miura, S., Suyehiro, K., Shinohara, M., Takahashi, N., Araki, E.,
and Taira, A., 2004. Seismological structure and implications
of collision between the Ontong Java Plateau and Solomon
Island Arc from ocean bottom seismometer-airgun data.
Tectonophysics, 389, 191–220.
Petterson, M. G., Neal, C. R., Mahoney, J. J., Kroenke, L. W.,
Saunders, A. D., Babbs, T. L., Duncan, R. A., Tolia, D., and
McGrail, B., 1997. Structure and deformation of north and central Malaita, Solomon Islands: tectonic implications for the
Ontong Java Plateau Solomon arc collision, and for the fate of
oceanic plateaus. Tectonophysics, 283, 1–33.
Raup, D. M., and Sepkoski, J. J., 1986. Periodic extinction of families and genera. Science, 231, 833–836.
Richardson, W. P., Okal, E. A., and VanderLee, S., 2000. Rayleighwave tomography of the Ontong-Java Plateau. Physics of the
Earth and Planetary Interiors, 118, 29–51.
Snow, L. J., Duncan, R. A., and Bralower, T. J., 2005. Trace element
abundances in the Rock Canyon Anticline, Pueblo, Colorado,
marine sedimentary section and their relationship to Caribbean
plateau construction and oxygen anoxic event 2. Paleoceanography, 20(4), PA3005, doi:10.1029/2004PA001093.
Tatsumi, Y., Kani, T., Ishizuka, H., Maruyama, S., and Nishimura,
Y., 2000. Activation of Pacific mantle plumes during the Carboniferous: evidence from accretionary complexes in southwest
Japan. Geology, 28, 580–582.
Tejada, M. L. G., Mahoney, J. J., Neal, C. R., Duncan, R. A., and
Petterson, M. G., 2002. Basement geochemistry and geochronology of central Malaita, Solomon islands, with implications for
the origin and evolution of the Ontong Java Plateau. Journal of
Petrology, 43, 449–484.
Tejada, M. L. G., Mahoney, J. J., Castillo, P. R., Ingle, S. P., Sheth,
H. C., and Weis, D., 2004. Pin-pricking the elephant: evidence
on the origin of the Ontong Java Plateau from Pb-Sr-Hf-Nd isotopic characteristics of ODP Leg 192 basalts. In Fitton, J. G.,
Mahoney, J. J., Wallace, P. J., and Saunders, A. D. (eds.), Origin
and Evolution of the Ontong Java Plateau. London: Geological
Society. Geological Society of London, Special publication,
229, pp. 133–150.
Tetreault, J. L., and Buiter, S. J. H., 2012. Geodynamic models of
terrane accretion: testing the fate of island arcs, oceanic plateaus,
and continental fragments in subduction zones. Journal of Geophysical
Research,
117(B8),
B08403,
doi:10.1029/
2012JB009316.
Wessel, P., and Kroenke, L. W., 2000. Ontong Java Plateau and Late
Neogene changes in Pacific plate motion. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 28255–28278.
Wignall, P. B., 1994. Black Shales. Oxford: Oxford University
Press. Geology and Geophysics Monographs, 30. 130pp.
Cross-references
Anoxic Oceans
Hot Spots and Mantle Plumes
Intraplate Magmatism
Mid-ocean Ridge Magmatism and Volcanism
Volcanism and Climate
OCEANIC RIFTS
Adolphe Nicolas
Geosciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier 2,
Montpellier, France
Definition and historical review
Rifts share comparable morphologies whether they start as
continental rifts, evolve to oceanic rifts, or, successfully,
open to become a mid-oceanic ridge. They are elongated
with an axial valley a few tens of kilometers wide, below
symmetrical shoulders some 2,000 m higher than the
regional elevation. This relief is thermally supported by
the upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle through the
thinning lithosphere. However, it is now realized that
due to evolution of tectonically hyperextended systems,
such architectures may be absent even in extensive continental rifts such as the North Sea. The rift upwelling triggers partial melting in the upper mantle and, in turn,
volcanism in the rift. The rift itself results from collapsing
of the shoulders’ vault, along normal faults implying some
tectonic extension.
These attributes are common to two modes of mantle
behavior during rifting, being “passive” or “active,” respectively. “Passive” rifting is induced by stretching and rupturing of the continental lithosphere that triggers the upwelling
of the underlying asthenosphere (Mckenzie, 1978)
(Figure 1a). Passive rifting has been successfully modeled
both numerically (Huismans and Beaumont, 2007; Sachau
and Koehn, 2010) and by analogic experiments (Brun and
Beslier, 1996). It has received the support of field
OCEANIC RIFTS
567
Chapter 18. Treatise on Geochemistry, 2nd edn (Holland, H. C.,
and Turekian, K. (Series eds.)). Elsevier, Amsterdam, Vol.
4, pp. 631–667.
Kerr, A. C., and Mahoney, J. J., 2007. Oceanic plateaus: problematic plumes, potential paradigms. Chemical Geology, 241,
332–353.
Kerr, A. C., and Tarney, J., 2005. Tectonic evolution of the Caribbean and northwestern South America: the case for accretion
of two Late Cretaceous oceanic plateaus. Geology, 33, 269–272.
Kerr, A. C., Tarney, J., Marriner, G. F., Nivia, A., and Saunders,
A. D., 1997. The Caribbean-Colombian Cretaceous igneous
province: the internal anatomy of an oceanic plateau. In
Mahoney, J. J., and Coffin, M. (eds.), Large Igneous Provinces:
Continental, Oceanic and Planetary Flood Volcanism. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. American Geophysical
Union Monograph, 100, pp. 45–93.
Kerr, A. C., White, R. V., and Saunders, A. D., 2000. LIP reading:
recognizing oceanic plateaux in the geological record. Journal
of Petrology, 41, 1041–1056.
Kerr, A. C., White, R. V., Thompson, P. M. E., Tarney, J., and
Saunders, A. D., 2003. No oceanic plateau – no Caribbean plate?
The seminal role of an oceanic plateau in Caribbean plate evolution. In Bartolini, C., Buffler, R. T., and Blickwede, J. (eds.), The
Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Region: Hydrocarbon Habitats,
Basin Formation and Plate Tectonics. Tulsa: AAPG. Memoir,
79, pp. 126–168.
Kimura, G., Sakakibara, M., and Okamura, M., 1994. Plumes in
central Panthalassa? Deductions from accreted oceanic fragments in Japan. Tectonics, 13(4), 905–916.
Kroenke, L. W., 1974. Origin of continents through development
and coalescence of oceanic flood basalt plateaus. Eos, 55, 443.
Kuroda, J., Ogawa, N. O., Tanimizu, M., Coffin, M. F., Tokuyama,
H., Kitazato, H., and Ohkouchi, N., 2007. Contemporaneous
massive subaerial volcanism and late Cretaceous Oceanic
Anoxic Event 2. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 256,
211–223.
Miura, S., Suyehiro, K., Shinohara, M., Takahashi, N., Araki, E.,
and Taira, A., 2004. Seismological structure and implications
of collision between the Ontong Java Plateau and Solomon
Island Arc from ocean bottom seismometer-airgun data.
Tectonophysics, 389, 191–220.
Petterson, M. G., Neal, C. R., Mahoney, J. J., Kroenke, L. W.,
Saunders, A. D., Babbs, T. L., Duncan, R. A., Tolia, D., and
McGrail, B., 1997. Structure and deformation of north and central Malaita, Solomon Islands: tectonic implications for the
Ontong Java Plateau Solomon arc collision, and for the fate of
oceanic plateaus. Tectonophysics, 283, 1–33.
Raup, D. M., and Sepkoski, J. J., 1986. Periodic extinction of families and genera. Science, 231, 833–836.
Richardson, W. P., Okal, E. A., and VanderLee, S., 2000. Rayleighwave tomography of the Ontong-Java Plateau. Physics of the
Earth and Planetary Interiors, 118, 29–51.
Snow, L. J., Duncan, R. A., and Bralower, T. J., 2005. Trace element
abundances in the Rock Canyon Anticline, Pueblo, Colorado,
marine sedimentary section and their relationship to Caribbean
plateau construction and oxygen anoxic event 2. Paleoceanography, 20(4), PA3005, doi:10.1029/2004PA001093.
Tatsumi, Y., Kani, T., Ishizuka, H., Maruyama, S., and Nishimura,
Y., 2000. Activation of Pacific mantle plumes during the Carboniferous: evidence from accretionary complexes in southwest
Japan. Geology, 28, 580–582.
Tejada, M. L. G., Mahoney, J. J., Neal, C. R., Duncan, R. A., and
Petterson, M. G., 2002. Basement geochemistry and geochronology of central Malaita, Solomon islands, with implications for
the origin and evolution of the Ontong Java Plateau. Journal of
Petrology, 43, 449–484.
Tejada, M. L. G., Mahoney, J. J., Castillo, P. R., Ingle, S. P., Sheth,
H. C., and Weis, D., 2004. Pin-pricking the elephant: evidence
on the origin of the Ontong Java Plateau from Pb-Sr-Hf-Nd isotopic characteristics of ODP Leg 192 basalts. In Fitton, J. G.,
Mahoney, J. J., Wallace, P. J., and Saunders, A. D. (eds.), Origin
and Evolution of the Ontong Java Plateau. London: Geological
Society. Geological Society of London, Special publication,
229, pp. 133–150.
Tetreault, J. L., and Buiter, S. J. H., 2012. Geodynamic models of
terrane accretion: testing the fate of island arcs, oceanic plateaus,
and continental fragments in subduction zones. Journal of Geophysical
Research,
117(B8),
B08403,
doi:10.1029/
2012JB009316.
Wessel, P., and Kroenke, L. W., 2000. Ontong Java Plateau and Late
Neogene changes in Pacific plate motion. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 28255–28278.
Wignall, P. B., 1994. Black Shales. Oxford: Oxford University
Press. Geology and Geophysics Monographs, 30. 130pp.
Cross-references
Anoxic Oceans
Hot Spots and Mantle Plumes
Intraplate Magmatism
Mid-ocean Ridge Magmatism and Volcanism
Volcanism and Climate
OCEANIC RIFTS
Adolphe Nicolas
Geosciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier 2,
Montpellier, France
Definition and historical review
Rifts share comparable morphologies whether they start as
continental rifts, evolve to oceanic rifts, or, successfully,
open to become a mid-oceanic ridge. They are elongated
with an axial valley a few tens of kilometers wide, below
symmetrical shoulders some 2,000 m higher than the
regional elevation. This relief is thermally supported by
the upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle through the
thinning lithosphere. However, it is now realized that
due to evolution of tectonically hyperextended systems,
such architectures may be absent even in extensive continental rifts such as the North Sea. The rift upwelling triggers partial melting in the upper mantle and, in turn,
volcanism in the rift. The rift itself results from collapsing
of the shoulders’ vault, along normal faults implying some
tectonic extension.
These attributes are common to two modes of mantle
behavior during rifting, being “passive” or “active,” respectively. “Passive” rifting is induced by stretching and rupturing of the continental lithosphere that triggers the upwelling
of the underlying asthenosphere (Mckenzie, 1978)
(Figure 1a). Passive rifting has been successfully modeled
both numerically (Huismans and Beaumont, 2007; Sachau
and Koehn, 2010) and by analogic experiments (Brun and
Beslier, 1996). It has received the support of field
OCEANIC RIFTS
567