Falkowski, P. G., Katz, M. E., Knoll, A. H., Quigg, A., Raven, J. A.,
Schofield, O., and Taylor, F. J. R., 2004. The evolution of modern eukaryotic phytoplankton. Science, 305, 354–360.
Fenner, J., 1984. Eocene-Oligocene planktic diatom stratigraphy in
the low latitudes and the high southern latitudes. Micropaleontology, 30, 319–342.
Fenner, J., 1985. Late Cretaceous to oligocene planktic diatoms. In
Bolli, H. M., Saunders, J. B., and Perch-Nielsen, K. (eds.),
Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
pp. 713–762.
Gebeshuber, I. C., and Crawford, R. M., 2006. Micromechanics in
biogenic hydrated silica: hinges and interlocking devices in diatoms. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,
220(Part J), 787–796.
Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz, M. D., and Ogg, G. M. (eds.),
2012. The Geologic Time Scale 2012. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Grahn, Y., and Paris, F., 2010. Emergence, biodiversification and
extinction of the chitinozoan group. Geological Magazine,
147, 1–11.
Hart, M. B., Hylton, M. D., Oxford, M. J., Price, G. D., Hudson, W.,
and Smart, C. W., 2003. The search for the origin of the planktic
Foraminifera. Journal of the Geological Society, 160, 341–343.
Harwood, D. M., and Maruyama, T., 1992. Middle Eocene to Pleistocene diatom biostratigraphy of Southern Ocean sediments
from the Kerguelen Plateau, Leg 120. In: Wise, S. W., Jr.,
Schlich, R., et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,
Scientific
Results.
College
Station,
TX,
Vol. 120, pp. 683–733.
Henderson, C. M., Davydov, V. I., and Wardlaw, B. R., 2012. The
Permian period. In Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz,
M. D., and Ogg, G. (eds.), The Geologic Timescale 2012.
Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 653–679.
Hoppenrath, M., and Leander, B. S., 2006. Ebriid phylogeny and the
expansion of the Cercozoa. Protist, 157, 279–290.
Iwasaki, S., Takahashi, K., Ogawa, Y., Uehara, S., and Vogt, C.,
2014. Alkaline leaching characteristics of biogenic opal in
Eocene sediments from the central Arctic Ocean: a case study
in the ACEX cores. Journal of Oceanography, 70, 241–249.
Javaux, E. J., Marshall, C. P., and Bekker, A., 2010. Organic-walled
microfossils in 3.2-billion-year-old shallow-marine siliciclastic
deposits. Nature, 463, 934–939.
Kamikuri, S., Moore, T. C., Ogane, K., Suzuki, N., Pälike, H., and
Nishi, H., 2012. Early Eocene to early Miocene radiolarian biostratigraphy for the low-latitude Pacific Ocean. Stratigraphy, 9,
77–108.
Kennett, J. P., 1982. Marine Geology. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Knoll, A. H., Javaux, E. J., Hewitt, D., and Cohen, P., 2006. Eukaryotic organisms in Proterozoic oceans. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 361, 1023–1038.
Marshall, C. P., Emry, J. R., and Olcott Marshall, A., 2011. Haematite pseudomicrofossils present in the 3.5-billion-year-old Apex
Chert. Nature Geoscience, 4, 240–243.
McCartney, K., Witkowski, J., and Harwood, D. M., 2014. New
insights into skeletal morphology of the oldest known silicoflagellates: Variramus, Cornua and Gleserocha gen. nov. Revue
de Micropaléontologie 57, pp. 75–91.
Mendelson, C. V., 1993. Acritarchs and prasinophytes. In Lipps,
J. H. (ed.), Fossil Prokaryotes and Protists. Boston: Blackwell
Scientific Publications, pp. 77–104.
Moore, T. C., Jr., Kamikuri, S., Erhardt, A. M., Baldauf, J., Coxall,
H., and Westerhold, T., 2015. Radiolarian stratigraphy near the
Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Marine Micropaleontology, 116,
50–62.
Nigrini, C., Sanfilippo, A., and Moore, Jr., T. J., 2005. Cenozoic
radiolarian biostratigraphy: a magnetobiostratigraphic chronology of Cenozoic sequences from ODP Sites 1218, 1219 and
1220, Equatorial Pacific. In: Wilson, P. A., Lyle, M., Firth,
J. V. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. College Station, TX, Vol. 199, pp. 1–56 (Online).
Pälike, H., Norris, R. D., Herrle, J. O., et al., 2006. The heartbeat of
the Oligocene climate system. Science, 314, 1894–1899.
Pälike, H., Lyle, M. W., Nishi, H., et al., 2012. A Cenozoic record of
the equatorial Pacific carbonate compensation depth. Nature,
488, 609–614.
Paris, F., and Nolvak, J., 1999. Biological interpretation and
paleobiodiversity of a cryptic fossil group: the “chitinozoan animal”. Geobios, 32, 315–324.
Pross, J., and Schmiedl, G., 2002. Early Oligocene dinoflagellate
cysts from the Upper Rhine Graben (SW Germany): paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic implications. Marine Micropaleontology, 45, 1–24.
Ragueneau, O., Tréguer, P., Leynaert, A., et al., 2000. A review of
the Si cycle in the modern ocean: recent progress and missing
gaps in the application of biogenic opal as a paleoproductivity
proxy. Global and Planetary Change, 26, 317–365.
Schmidt, D.N., Rayfield, E.J., Cocking, A., and Marone, F., 2013.
Linking evolution and development: synchrotron radiation
X-ray tomographic microscopy of planktic foraminifers.
Palaeontology, 56, 741–749.
Schopf, J. W., 1993. Microfossils of the Early Archean Apex
Chert: new evidence for the antiquity of life. Science, 260,
640–646.
Sluijs, A., Pross, J., and Brinkhuis, H., 2005. From greenhouse to
icehouse; organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts as paleoenvironmental indicators in the Paleogene. Earth Science Reviews,
68, 281–315.
Swann, G. E. A., and Leng, M. J., 2009. A review of diatom d
18
O in
palaeoceanography. Quaternary Science Reviews, 28, 384–398.
Tanimura, Y., Tuji, A., Aita, Y., Suzuki, N., Ogane, K., and Sakai,
T., 2009. Joint Haeckel and Ehrenberg Project “Reexamination
of the Haeckel and Ehrenberg Microfossil Collections as a Historical and Scientific Legacy”: a summary. National Museum
of Nature and Science Monographs, 40, 1–5.
Tappan, H., 1980. Paleobiology of Plant Protists. San Francisco:
W.H. Freeman.
Wade, B. S., Pearson, P. N., Berggren, W. A., and Pälike, H.,
2011. Review and revision of Cenozoic tropical planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and calibration to the geomagnetic polarity and astronomical time scale. Earth-Science Reviews, 104,
111–142.
Witkowski, J., Bohaty, S. M., McCartney, K., and Harwood, D. M.,
2012. Enhanced siliceous plankton productivity in response to
middle Eocene warming at Southern Ocean ODP Sites 748 and
749. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
326–328, 78–94.
Witkowski, J., Bohaty, S. M., Edgar, K. M., and Harwood, D. M.,
2014. Rapid fluctuations in mid-latitude siliceous plankton production during the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (ODP Site
1051, western North Atlantic). Marine Micropaleontology, 106,
110–129.
Zachos, J. C., Pagani, M., Sloan, L., Thomas, E., and Billups, K.,
2001. Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate
65 Ma to present. Science, 292, 686–693.
Zachos, J. C., Dickens, G. R., and Zeebe, R. E., 2008. An early
Cenozoic perspective on greenhouse warming and carbon-cycle
dynamics. Nature, 451, 279–283.
Zielinski, U., and Gersonde, R., 1997. Diatom distribution in the
Southern Ocean surface sediments (Atlantic sector): implications for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Palaeogeography
Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 129, 213–250.
Zonneveld, K. A. F., Versteegh, G. J. M., and de Lange, G. J., 1997.
Preservation of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in different
oxygen regimes: a 10,000 year natural experiment. Marine
Micropaleontology, 29, 393–405.
474
MARINE MICROFOSSILS
Schofield, O., and Taylor, F. J. R., 2004. The evolution of modern eukaryotic phytoplankton. Science, 305, 354–360.
Fenner, J., 1984. Eocene-Oligocene planktic diatom stratigraphy in
the low latitudes and the high southern latitudes. Micropaleontology, 30, 319–342.
Fenner, J., 1985. Late Cretaceous to oligocene planktic diatoms. In
Bolli, H. M., Saunders, J. B., and Perch-Nielsen, K. (eds.),
Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
pp. 713–762.
Gebeshuber, I. C., and Crawford, R. M., 2006. Micromechanics in
biogenic hydrated silica: hinges and interlocking devices in diatoms. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,
220(Part J), 787–796.
Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz, M. D., and Ogg, G. M. (eds.),
2012. The Geologic Time Scale 2012. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Grahn, Y., and Paris, F., 2010. Emergence, biodiversification and
extinction of the chitinozoan group. Geological Magazine,
147, 1–11.
Hart, M. B., Hylton, M. D., Oxford, M. J., Price, G. D., Hudson, W.,
and Smart, C. W., 2003. The search for the origin of the planktic
Foraminifera. Journal of the Geological Society, 160, 341–343.
Harwood, D. M., and Maruyama, T., 1992. Middle Eocene to Pleistocene diatom biostratigraphy of Southern Ocean sediments
from the Kerguelen Plateau, Leg 120. In: Wise, S. W., Jr.,
Schlich, R., et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,
Scientific
Results.
College
Station,
TX,
Vol. 120, pp. 683–733.
Henderson, C. M., Davydov, V. I., and Wardlaw, B. R., 2012. The
Permian period. In Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz,
M. D., and Ogg, G. (eds.), The Geologic Timescale 2012.
Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 653–679.
Hoppenrath, M., and Leander, B. S., 2006. Ebriid phylogeny and the
expansion of the Cercozoa. Protist, 157, 279–290.
Iwasaki, S., Takahashi, K., Ogawa, Y., Uehara, S., and Vogt, C.,
2014. Alkaline leaching characteristics of biogenic opal in
Eocene sediments from the central Arctic Ocean: a case study
in the ACEX cores. Journal of Oceanography, 70, 241–249.
Javaux, E. J., Marshall, C. P., and Bekker, A., 2010. Organic-walled
microfossils in 3.2-billion-year-old shallow-marine siliciclastic
deposits. Nature, 463, 934–939.
Kamikuri, S., Moore, T. C., Ogane, K., Suzuki, N., Pälike, H., and
Nishi, H., 2012. Early Eocene to early Miocene radiolarian biostratigraphy for the low-latitude Pacific Ocean. Stratigraphy, 9,
77–108.
Kennett, J. P., 1982. Marine Geology. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Knoll, A. H., Javaux, E. J., Hewitt, D., and Cohen, P., 2006. Eukaryotic organisms in Proterozoic oceans. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 361, 1023–1038.
Marshall, C. P., Emry, J. R., and Olcott Marshall, A., 2011. Haematite pseudomicrofossils present in the 3.5-billion-year-old Apex
Chert. Nature Geoscience, 4, 240–243.
McCartney, K., Witkowski, J., and Harwood, D. M., 2014. New
insights into skeletal morphology of the oldest known silicoflagellates: Variramus, Cornua and Gleserocha gen. nov. Revue
de Micropaléontologie 57, pp. 75–91.
Mendelson, C. V., 1993. Acritarchs and prasinophytes. In Lipps,
J. H. (ed.), Fossil Prokaryotes and Protists. Boston: Blackwell
Scientific Publications, pp. 77–104.
Moore, T. C., Jr., Kamikuri, S., Erhardt, A. M., Baldauf, J., Coxall,
H., and Westerhold, T., 2015. Radiolarian stratigraphy near the
Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Marine Micropaleontology, 116,
50–62.
Nigrini, C., Sanfilippo, A., and Moore, Jr., T. J., 2005. Cenozoic
radiolarian biostratigraphy: a magnetobiostratigraphic chronology of Cenozoic sequences from ODP Sites 1218, 1219 and
1220, Equatorial Pacific. In: Wilson, P. A., Lyle, M., Firth,
J. V. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. College Station, TX, Vol. 199, pp. 1–56 (Online).
Pälike, H., Norris, R. D., Herrle, J. O., et al., 2006. The heartbeat of
the Oligocene climate system. Science, 314, 1894–1899.
Pälike, H., Lyle, M. W., Nishi, H., et al., 2012. A Cenozoic record of
the equatorial Pacific carbonate compensation depth. Nature,
488, 609–614.
Paris, F., and Nolvak, J., 1999. Biological interpretation and
paleobiodiversity of a cryptic fossil group: the “chitinozoan animal”. Geobios, 32, 315–324.
Pross, J., and Schmiedl, G., 2002. Early Oligocene dinoflagellate
cysts from the Upper Rhine Graben (SW Germany): paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic implications. Marine Micropaleontology, 45, 1–24.
Ragueneau, O., Tréguer, P., Leynaert, A., et al., 2000. A review of
the Si cycle in the modern ocean: recent progress and missing
gaps in the application of biogenic opal as a paleoproductivity
proxy. Global and Planetary Change, 26, 317–365.
Schmidt, D.N., Rayfield, E.J., Cocking, A., and Marone, F., 2013.
Linking evolution and development: synchrotron radiation
X-ray tomographic microscopy of planktic foraminifers.
Palaeontology, 56, 741–749.
Schopf, J. W., 1993. Microfossils of the Early Archean Apex
Chert: new evidence for the antiquity of life. Science, 260,
640–646.
Sluijs, A., Pross, J., and Brinkhuis, H., 2005. From greenhouse to
icehouse; organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts as paleoenvironmental indicators in the Paleogene. Earth Science Reviews,
68, 281–315.
Swann, G. E. A., and Leng, M. J., 2009. A review of diatom d
18
O in
palaeoceanography. Quaternary Science Reviews, 28, 384–398.
Tanimura, Y., Tuji, A., Aita, Y., Suzuki, N., Ogane, K., and Sakai,
T., 2009. Joint Haeckel and Ehrenberg Project “Reexamination
of the Haeckel and Ehrenberg Microfossil Collections as a Historical and Scientific Legacy”: a summary. National Museum
of Nature and Science Monographs, 40, 1–5.
Tappan, H., 1980. Paleobiology of Plant Protists. San Francisco:
W.H. Freeman.
Wade, B. S., Pearson, P. N., Berggren, W. A., and Pälike, H.,
2011. Review and revision of Cenozoic tropical planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and calibration to the geomagnetic polarity and astronomical time scale. Earth-Science Reviews, 104,
111–142.
Witkowski, J., Bohaty, S. M., McCartney, K., and Harwood, D. M.,
2012. Enhanced siliceous plankton productivity in response to
middle Eocene warming at Southern Ocean ODP Sites 748 and
749. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
326–328, 78–94.
Witkowski, J., Bohaty, S. M., Edgar, K. M., and Harwood, D. M.,
2014. Rapid fluctuations in mid-latitude siliceous plankton production during the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (ODP Site
1051, western North Atlantic). Marine Micropaleontology, 106,
110–129.
Zachos, J. C., Pagani, M., Sloan, L., Thomas, E., and Billups, K.,
2001. Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate
65 Ma to present. Science, 292, 686–693.
Zachos, J. C., Dickens, G. R., and Zeebe, R. E., 2008. An early
Cenozoic perspective on greenhouse warming and carbon-cycle
dynamics. Nature, 451, 279–283.
Zielinski, U., and Gersonde, R., 1997. Diatom distribution in the
Southern Ocean surface sediments (Atlantic sector): implications for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Palaeogeography
Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 129, 213–250.
Zonneveld, K. A. F., Versteegh, G. J. M., and de Lange, G. J., 1997.
Preservation of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in different
oxygen regimes: a 10,000 year natural experiment. Marine
Micropaleontology, 29, 393–405.
474
MARINE MICROFOSSILS