Ribe, N., and Christensen, U., 1999. The dynamical origin of
Hawaiian volcanism. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
171, 517–531, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00179-X.
Richards, M. A., Duncan, R. A., and Courtillot, V. E., 1989. Flood
basalts and hot-spot tracks: plume heads and tails. Science,
246, 103–107.
Roeder, P. L., and Emslie, R. F., 1970. Olivine-liquid equilibrium.
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 29, 275–289.
Rohde, J., Hoernle, K., Hauff, F., Werner, R., O’Connor, J., Class,
C., Garbe-Schönberg, D., and Jokat, W., 2013. 70 Ma chemical
zonation of the Tristan-Gough hotspot track. Geology, 41(3),
335–338, doi:10.1130/g33790.1.
Schilling, J.-G., 1973. Iceland mantle plume: geochemical study of
the Reykjanes Ridge. Nature, 242, 565–571.
Schilling, J.-G., 1991. Fluxes and excess temperatures of mantle
plumes inferred from their interaction with migrating
mid-ocean ridges. Nature, 352, 397–403.
Schilling, J.-G., Anderson, R. N., and Vogt, P., 1976. Rare earth, Fe
and Ti variations along the Galapagos spreading centre, and their
relationship to the Galapagos mantle plume. Nature, 261,
108–113.
Schilling, J.-G., Kingsley, R. H., and Devine, J. D., 1982. Galapagos
hot spot-spreading center system 1. spatial petrological and geochemical variations (83 W-101 W). Journal of Geophysical
Research, 87, 5593–5610.
Schilling, J.-G., Kingsley, R. H., Hanan, B. B., and McCully, B. L.,
1992. Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic variations along the Gulf of Aden: evidence for Afar mantle plume-continental lithosphere interaction.
Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 10927–10996.
Sleep, N. H., 1990. Hotspots and Mantle Plumes: some phenomenology. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 6715–6736.
Sobolev, A. V., Hofmann, A. W., Sobolev, S. V., and Nikogosian,
I. K., 2005. An olivine-free mantle source of Hawaiian shield
basalts. Nature, 434(7033), 590–597, doi:10.1038/nature03411.
Sobolev, A. V., Hofmann, A. W., Kuzmin, D. V., Yaxley, G. M.,
Arndt, N. T., Chung, S.-L., Danyushevsky, L. V., Elliott, T., Frey,
F. A., Garcia, M. O., Gurenko, A. A., Kamenetsky, V. S., Kerr,
A. C., Krivolutskaya, N. A., Matvienkov, V. V., Nikogosian,
I. K., Rocholl, A., Sigurdsson, I. A., Sushchevskaya, N. M.,
and Teklay, M., 2007. The amount of recycled crust in sources
of mantle-derived melts. Science, 316(5823), 412–417,
doi:10.1126/science. 1138113.
Spiegelman, M., and Elliot, T., 1993. Consequences of melt transport for uranium series disequilibrium in young lavas. Earth
and Planetary Science Letters, 118, 1–20.
Steinberger, B., Sutherland, R., and O’Connell, R. J., 2004. Prediction of Emperor-Hawaii seamount locations from a revised
model of global plate motion and mantle flow. Nature,
430(6996), 167–173.
Sterns, H. T., 1946. Geology of the Hawaiian Islands. Honolulu:
Hawaii Division of Hydrology.
Stille, P., Unruh, D. M., and Tatsumoto, M., 1986. Pb, Sr, Nd, and
Hf isotopic constraints on the origin of Hawaiian basalts and evidence for a unique mantle source. Geochimica et Cosmochimica
Acta, 50, 2303–2320.
Stracke, A., Salters, V. J. M., and Sims, K. W. W., 1999. Assessing
the presence of garnet-pyroxenite in the mantle sources of basalts
through combined hafnium-neodymium-thorium isotope systematics. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 1,
doi:10.1029/1999gc000013.
Tatsumoto, M., 1978. Isotopic composition of lead in oceanic basalt
and its implication to mantle evolution. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 38, 63–87.
ten Brink, U. S., and Brocher, T. M., 1987. Multichannel seismic
evidence for a subscrustal intrusive complex under Oahu and a
model for Hawaiian volcanism. Journal of Geohysical Research,
92(B13), 13687–13707.
Van Wijk, J. W., and Blackman, D. K., 2005. Dynamics of continental rift propagation: the end-member modes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 229(3‚4), 247–258, doi:10.1016/j.
epsl.2004.10.039.
Watson, S., and Mckenzie, D., 1991. Melt generation in plumes: a
study of Hawaiian volcanism. Journal of Petrology, 32,
501–537.
Weis, D., Garcia, M. O., Rhodes, J. M., Jellinek, M., and Scoates,
J. S., 2011. Role of the deep mantle in generating the compositional asymmetry of the Hawaiian mantle plume. Nature Geoscience, 4(12), 831–838, doi:10.1038/ngeo1328.
White, W. M., 1985. The sources of ocean basalts: radiogenic isotopic evidence. Geology, 13, 115–118.
White, W. M., 2010. Oceanic Island basalts and mantle plumes: the
geochemical perspective. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, 38(1), 133–160, doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-040809152450.
White, W. M., 2013. Geochemistry. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
White, W. M., and Duncan, R. A., 1996. Geochemistry and geochronology of the Society Islands: new evidence for deep mantle
recycling. In Hart, S. R., and Basu, A. (eds.), Earth Processes:
Reading the Isotope Code. Washington, DC: AGU, Vol.
95, pp. 183–206.
White, W. M., and Hofmann, A. W., 1982. Sr and Nd isotope geochemistry of oceanic basalts and mantle evolution. Nature,
296, 821–825.
White, W. M., Schilling, J.-G., and Hart, S. R., 1976. Evidence for
the Azores mantle plume from strontium isotope geochemistry
of the Central North Atlantic. Nature, 263, 659–663.
White, W. M., McBirney, A. R., and Duncan, R. A., 1993. Petrology
and geochemistry of the Galapagos: portrait of a pathological
mantle plume. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98(B11),
19533–19563.
Whitehead, J. A., and Luther, D. S., 1975. Dynamics of laboratory
diapir and plume models. Journal of Geophysical Research,
80(5), 705–717.
Willbold, M., and Stracke, A., 2010. Formation of enriched mantle
components by recycling of upper and lower continental crust.
Chemical Geology, 276(3‚4), 188–197, doi:10.1016/j.
chemgeo.2010.06.005.
Wilson, J. T., 1963. A possible origin of the Hawaiian Islands.
Canadian Journal of Physics, 41, 863–870.
Wright, E., and White, W. M., 1987. The origin of Samoa: new evidence from Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters, 81(2–3), 151–162, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(87)90152X.
Yang, H. J., Frey, F. A., and Clague, D. A., 2003. Constraints on the
source components of lavas forming the Hawaiian North Arch
and Honolulu Volcanics. Journal of Petrology, 44(4), 603–627.
Zindler, A., and Hart, S. R., 1986. Chemical geodynamics. Annual
Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 14, 493–571.
Cross-references
Depleted Mantle
Hotspot-Ridge Interaction
Intraplate Magmatism
Mid-ocean Ridge Magmatism and Volcanism
Oceanic Plateaus
Oceanic Spreading Centers
Oxygen Isotopes
Peridotites
Plate Motion
Plate Tectonics
Seamounts
Subduction
Subduction Erosion
HOT SPOTS AND MANTLE PLUMES
327
Hawaiian volcanism. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
171, 517–531, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00179-X.
Richards, M. A., Duncan, R. A., and Courtillot, V. E., 1989. Flood
basalts and hot-spot tracks: plume heads and tails. Science,
246, 103–107.
Roeder, P. L., and Emslie, R. F., 1970. Olivine-liquid equilibrium.
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 29, 275–289.
Rohde, J., Hoernle, K., Hauff, F., Werner, R., O’Connor, J., Class,
C., Garbe-Schönberg, D., and Jokat, W., 2013. 70 Ma chemical
zonation of the Tristan-Gough hotspot track. Geology, 41(3),
335–338, doi:10.1130/g33790.1.
Schilling, J.-G., 1973. Iceland mantle plume: geochemical study of
the Reykjanes Ridge. Nature, 242, 565–571.
Schilling, J.-G., 1991. Fluxes and excess temperatures of mantle
plumes inferred from their interaction with migrating
mid-ocean ridges. Nature, 352, 397–403.
Schilling, J.-G., Anderson, R. N., and Vogt, P., 1976. Rare earth, Fe
and Ti variations along the Galapagos spreading centre, and their
relationship to the Galapagos mantle plume. Nature, 261,
108–113.
Schilling, J.-G., Kingsley, R. H., and Devine, J. D., 1982. Galapagos
hot spot-spreading center system 1. spatial petrological and geochemical variations (83 W-101 W). Journal of Geophysical
Research, 87, 5593–5610.
Schilling, J.-G., Kingsley, R. H., Hanan, B. B., and McCully, B. L.,
1992. Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic variations along the Gulf of Aden: evidence for Afar mantle plume-continental lithosphere interaction.
Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 10927–10996.
Sleep, N. H., 1990. Hotspots and Mantle Plumes: some phenomenology. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 6715–6736.
Sobolev, A. V., Hofmann, A. W., Sobolev, S. V., and Nikogosian,
I. K., 2005. An olivine-free mantle source of Hawaiian shield
basalts. Nature, 434(7033), 590–597, doi:10.1038/nature03411.
Sobolev, A. V., Hofmann, A. W., Kuzmin, D. V., Yaxley, G. M.,
Arndt, N. T., Chung, S.-L., Danyushevsky, L. V., Elliott, T., Frey,
F. A., Garcia, M. O., Gurenko, A. A., Kamenetsky, V. S., Kerr,
A. C., Krivolutskaya, N. A., Matvienkov, V. V., Nikogosian,
I. K., Rocholl, A., Sigurdsson, I. A., Sushchevskaya, N. M.,
and Teklay, M., 2007. The amount of recycled crust in sources
of mantle-derived melts. Science, 316(5823), 412–417,
doi:10.1126/science. 1138113.
Spiegelman, M., and Elliot, T., 1993. Consequences of melt transport for uranium series disequilibrium in young lavas. Earth
and Planetary Science Letters, 118, 1–20.
Steinberger, B., Sutherland, R., and O’Connell, R. J., 2004. Prediction of Emperor-Hawaii seamount locations from a revised
model of global plate motion and mantle flow. Nature,
430(6996), 167–173.
Sterns, H. T., 1946. Geology of the Hawaiian Islands. Honolulu:
Hawaii Division of Hydrology.
Stille, P., Unruh, D. M., and Tatsumoto, M., 1986. Pb, Sr, Nd, and
Hf isotopic constraints on the origin of Hawaiian basalts and evidence for a unique mantle source. Geochimica et Cosmochimica
Acta, 50, 2303–2320.
Stracke, A., Salters, V. J. M., and Sims, K. W. W., 1999. Assessing
the presence of garnet-pyroxenite in the mantle sources of basalts
through combined hafnium-neodymium-thorium isotope systematics. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 1,
doi:10.1029/1999gc000013.
Tatsumoto, M., 1978. Isotopic composition of lead in oceanic basalt
and its implication to mantle evolution. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 38, 63–87.
ten Brink, U. S., and Brocher, T. M., 1987. Multichannel seismic
evidence for a subscrustal intrusive complex under Oahu and a
model for Hawaiian volcanism. Journal of Geohysical Research,
92(B13), 13687–13707.
Van Wijk, J. W., and Blackman, D. K., 2005. Dynamics of continental rift propagation: the end-member modes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 229(3‚4), 247–258, doi:10.1016/j.
epsl.2004.10.039.
Watson, S., and Mckenzie, D., 1991. Melt generation in plumes: a
study of Hawaiian volcanism. Journal of Petrology, 32,
501–537.
Weis, D., Garcia, M. O., Rhodes, J. M., Jellinek, M., and Scoates,
J. S., 2011. Role of the deep mantle in generating the compositional asymmetry of the Hawaiian mantle plume. Nature Geoscience, 4(12), 831–838, doi:10.1038/ngeo1328.
White, W. M., 1985. The sources of ocean basalts: radiogenic isotopic evidence. Geology, 13, 115–118.
White, W. M., 2010. Oceanic Island basalts and mantle plumes: the
geochemical perspective. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, 38(1), 133–160, doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-040809152450.
White, W. M., 2013. Geochemistry. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
White, W. M., and Duncan, R. A., 1996. Geochemistry and geochronology of the Society Islands: new evidence for deep mantle
recycling. In Hart, S. R., and Basu, A. (eds.), Earth Processes:
Reading the Isotope Code. Washington, DC: AGU, Vol.
95, pp. 183–206.
White, W. M., and Hofmann, A. W., 1982. Sr and Nd isotope geochemistry of oceanic basalts and mantle evolution. Nature,
296, 821–825.
White, W. M., Schilling, J.-G., and Hart, S. R., 1976. Evidence for
the Azores mantle plume from strontium isotope geochemistry
of the Central North Atlantic. Nature, 263, 659–663.
White, W. M., McBirney, A. R., and Duncan, R. A., 1993. Petrology
and geochemistry of the Galapagos: portrait of a pathological
mantle plume. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98(B11),
19533–19563.
Whitehead, J. A., and Luther, D. S., 1975. Dynamics of laboratory
diapir and plume models. Journal of Geophysical Research,
80(5), 705–717.
Willbold, M., and Stracke, A., 2010. Formation of enriched mantle
components by recycling of upper and lower continental crust.
Chemical Geology, 276(3‚4), 188–197, doi:10.1016/j.
chemgeo.2010.06.005.
Wilson, J. T., 1963. A possible origin of the Hawaiian Islands.
Canadian Journal of Physics, 41, 863–870.
Wright, E., and White, W. M., 1987. The origin of Samoa: new evidence from Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters, 81(2–3), 151–162, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(87)90152X.
Yang, H. J., Frey, F. A., and Clague, D. A., 2003. Constraints on the
source components of lavas forming the Hawaiian North Arch
and Honolulu Volcanics. Journal of Petrology, 44(4), 603–627.
Zindler, A., and Hart, S. R., 1986. Chemical geodynamics. Annual
Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 14, 493–571.
Cross-references
Depleted Mantle
Hotspot-Ridge Interaction
Intraplate Magmatism
Mid-ocean Ridge Magmatism and Volcanism
Oceanic Plateaus
Oceanic Spreading Centers
Oxygen Isotopes
Peridotites
Plate Motion
Plate Tectonics
Seamounts
Subduction
Subduction Erosion
HOT SPOTS AND MANTLE PLUMES
327