in plume lavas reveal deep mantle storage of Archaean crust.
Nature, 496(7446), 490–493, doi:10.1038/nature12020.
Campbell, I. H., 2007. Testing the plume theory. Chemical Geology,
241(3–4), 153–176, doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.01.024.
Campbell, I. H., and Griffiths, R. W., 1990. Implications of mantle
plume structure for the evolution of flood basalts. Earth and
Planetary Science Letters, 99, 79–93.
Caro, G., and Bourdon, B., 2010. Non-chondritic Sm/Nd ratio in the
terrestrial planets: consequences for the geochemical evolution
of the mantle crust system. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,
74(11), 3333–3349.
Chabaux, F., and Allegre, C., 1994.
238 U230 Th226 Ra disequilibrium in volcanics: a new insight into melting conditions. Earth
and Planetary Science Letters, 126, 61–74.
Chauvel, C., Maury, R. C., Blais, S., Lewin, E., Guillou, H., Guille,
G., Rossi, P., and Gutscher, M. A., 2012. The size of plume heterogeneities constrained by Marquesas isotopic stripes. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 13(7), Q07005, doi:10.1029/
2012gc004123.
Chen, C.-Y., and Frey, F. A., 1983. Origin of Hawaiian tholeiite and
alkalic basalt. Nature, 302, 785–789, doi:10.1038/302785a0.
Conrad, C. P., Wu, B., Smith, E. I., Bianco, T. A., and Tibbetts, A.,
2010. Shear-driven upwelling induced by lateral viscosity variations and asthenospheric shear: a mechanism for intraplate volcanism. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 178(3‚4),
162–175, doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2009.10.001.
Corgne, A., Liebske, C., Wood, B. J., Rubie, D. C., and Frost, D. J.,
2005. Silicate perovskite-melt partitioning of trace elements and
geochemical signature of a deep perovskitic reservoir.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69(2), 485–496.
Courtier, A. M., Jackson, M. G., Lawrence, J. F., Wang, Z., Lee,
C.-T. A., Halama, R., Warren, J. M., Workman, R., Xu, W.,
Hirschmann, M. M., Larson, A. M., Hart, S. R., LithgowBertelloni, C., Stixrude, L., and Chen, W.-P., 2007. Correlation
of seismic and petrologic thermometers suggests deep thermal
anomalies beneath hotspots. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 264(1–2), 308–316, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.003.
Courtillot, V., Davaille, A., Besse, J., Stock, J., 2003. Three distinct
types of hotspots in the Earth’s mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 205, 295–308, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(02)
01048-8.
Davies, G. F., 1988. Ocean bathymetry and mantle convection,
1, large-scale flow and hotspots. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 93, 10467–10480.
Davies, J. H., and Bunge, H.-P., 2006. Are splash plumes the origin
of minor hotspots? Geology, 34(5), 349–352, doi:10.1130/
G22193.1.
DePaolo, D., and Wasserburg, G., 1976. Inferences about magma
sources and mantle structure from variations of
143 Nd/
144 Nd.
Geophysical Research Letters, 3, 743–746, doi:10.1029/
GL003i012p00743.
Desonie, D. L., Duncan, R. A., and Natland, J. H., 1993. Temporal
and geochemical variability of volcanic products of the
Marquesas Hotspot. Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid
Earth, 98(B10), 17649–17665, doi:10.1029/93JB01562.
Dick, H. J. B., Fisher, R. L., and Bryan, W. B., 1984. Mineralogic
variability of the uppermost mantle along mid-ocean ridges.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 69, 88–106.
Ebinger, C. J., and Sleep, N. H., 1998. Cenozoic magmatism
throughout east Africa resulting from impact of a single plume.
Nature, 395(6704), 788–791.
Eiler, J. M., Carr, M. J., Reagan, M., and Stolper, E., 2005. Oxygen
isotope constraints on the sources of Central American arc lavas.
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 6(7), Q07007,
doi:10.1029/2004gc000804.
Falloon, T. J., Danyushevsky, L. V. A. A., Green, D. H., and Ford,
C. E., 2007. The application of olivine geothermometry to infer
crystallization temperatures of parental liquids; implications for
the temperature of MORB magmas. Chemical Geology, 241
(3–4), 207–233, doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.01.015.
Farnetani, C. G., and Samuel, H., 2005. Beyond the thermal plume
paradigm. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L0731,
doi:10.1029/2005GL022360.
Farnetani, C. G., Hofmann, A. W., and Class, C., 2012. How double
volcanic chains sample geochemical anomalies from the lowermost mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
359–360(0), 240–247, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.09.057.
Fekiacova, Z., Abouchami, W., Galer, S. J. G., Garcia, M. O., and
Hofmann, A. W., 2007. Origin and temporal evolution of Koolau
Volcano, Hawaii: inferences from isotope data on the Koolau
Scientific Drilling Project (KSDP), the Honolulu Volcanics and
ODP Site 843. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 261(1–2),
65–83.
Garcia, M. O., Swinnard, L., Weis, D., Greene, A. R., Tagami, T.,
Sano, H., Gandy, C. E., 2010. Petrology, Geochemistry and Geochronology of Kaua’i Lavas over 4.5 Myr: Implications for the
Origin of Rejuvenated Volcanism and the Evolution of the
Hawaiian Plume. Journal of Petrology, 51(7), 1507–1540,
doi:10.1093/petrology/egq027.
Gast, P. W., 1969. The isotopic composition of lead from St. Helena
and Ascension Islands. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 5,
253–259.
Grand, S. P., van der Hilst, R. D., and Widiyantoro, S., 1997. Global
seismic tomography: a snapshot of convection in the mantle.
Geological Society of America: GSA Today, 7(4), 1–7.
Green, D. H., Falloon, T. J., Eggins, S., and Yaxley, G., 2001. Primary magmas and mantle temperatures. European Journal of
Mineralogy, 13, 437–451.
Griffiths, R. W., and Campbell, I. H., 1990. Stirring and structure in
mantle starting plumes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 99
(1–2), 66–78.
Grove, T. L., Chatterjee, N., Parman, S. W., and Médard, E., 2006.
The influence of H 2 O on mantle wedge melting. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 249(1–2), 74–89, doi:10.1016/j.
epsl.2006.06.043.
Gurriet, P., 1987. A thermal model for the origin of post-erosional
alkalic lava, Hawaii. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 82
(1–2), 153–158, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(87)90115-4.
Hanan, B. B., and Graham, D. W., 1996. Lead and helium isotope
evidence from oceanic basalts for a common deep source of
mantle plumes. Science, 272(5264), 991–995.
Hanan, B. B., Kingsley, R. H., and Schilling, J.-G., 1986. Pb isotope
evidence in the South Atlantic for migrating ridge-hotspot interactions. Nature, 322(6075), 137–144.
Harpp, K. S, and White, W. M. 2001. Tracing a mantle plume: Isotopic and trace element variations of Galápagos seamounts. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2(1042), doi:10.1029/
2000GC000137.
Harpp, K. S., Hall, P. S., and Jackson, M. G., 2014. Galápagos and
Easter: a tale of two hotspots. In The Galapagos: A Natural Laboratory for the Earth Sciences. Washington, DC: AGU, Vol.
204, pp. 27–40.
Hart, S. R., Schilling, J. G., and Powell, J. L., 1973. Basalts from
Iceland and along the Reykjanes Ridge: Sr isotope geochemistry.
Nature Physical Science, 246, 104–107.
Hawkins, J. W., and Natland, J. H., 1975. Nephelinites and
basanites of the Samoan linear volcanic chain: their possible tectonic significance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 24,
427–439.
Hedge, C. E., 1966. Variations in radiogenic strontium found in volcanic rocks. Journal of Geophysical Research, 71, 6119–6126,
doi:10.1029/JZ071i024p06119.
Herzberg, C., and Asimow, P. D., 2008. Petrology of some oceanic
island basalts: PRIMELT2.XLS software for primary magma
HOT SPOTS AND MANTLE PLUMES
325
Nature, 496(7446), 490–493, doi:10.1038/nature12020.
Campbell, I. H., 2007. Testing the plume theory. Chemical Geology,
241(3–4), 153–176, doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.01.024.
Campbell, I. H., and Griffiths, R. W., 1990. Implications of mantle
plume structure for the evolution of flood basalts. Earth and
Planetary Science Letters, 99, 79–93.
Caro, G., and Bourdon, B., 2010. Non-chondritic Sm/Nd ratio in the
terrestrial planets: consequences for the geochemical evolution
of the mantle crust system. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,
74(11), 3333–3349.
Chabaux, F., and Allegre, C., 1994.
238 U230 Th226 Ra disequilibrium in volcanics: a new insight into melting conditions. Earth
and Planetary Science Letters, 126, 61–74.
Chauvel, C., Maury, R. C., Blais, S., Lewin, E., Guillou, H., Guille,
G., Rossi, P., and Gutscher, M. A., 2012. The size of plume heterogeneities constrained by Marquesas isotopic stripes. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 13(7), Q07005, doi:10.1029/
2012gc004123.
Chen, C.-Y., and Frey, F. A., 1983. Origin of Hawaiian tholeiite and
alkalic basalt. Nature, 302, 785–789, doi:10.1038/302785a0.
Conrad, C. P., Wu, B., Smith, E. I., Bianco, T. A., and Tibbetts, A.,
2010. Shear-driven upwelling induced by lateral viscosity variations and asthenospheric shear: a mechanism for intraplate volcanism. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 178(3‚4),
162–175, doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2009.10.001.
Corgne, A., Liebske, C., Wood, B. J., Rubie, D. C., and Frost, D. J.,
2005. Silicate perovskite-melt partitioning of trace elements and
geochemical signature of a deep perovskitic reservoir.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69(2), 485–496.
Courtier, A. M., Jackson, M. G., Lawrence, J. F., Wang, Z., Lee,
C.-T. A., Halama, R., Warren, J. M., Workman, R., Xu, W.,
Hirschmann, M. M., Larson, A. M., Hart, S. R., LithgowBertelloni, C., Stixrude, L., and Chen, W.-P., 2007. Correlation
of seismic and petrologic thermometers suggests deep thermal
anomalies beneath hotspots. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 264(1–2), 308–316, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.003.
Courtillot, V., Davaille, A., Besse, J., Stock, J., 2003. Three distinct
types of hotspots in the Earth’s mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 205, 295–308, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(02)
01048-8.
Davies, G. F., 1988. Ocean bathymetry and mantle convection,
1, large-scale flow and hotspots. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 93, 10467–10480.
Davies, J. H., and Bunge, H.-P., 2006. Are splash plumes the origin
of minor hotspots? Geology, 34(5), 349–352, doi:10.1130/
G22193.1.
DePaolo, D., and Wasserburg, G., 1976. Inferences about magma
sources and mantle structure from variations of
143 Nd/
144 Nd.
Geophysical Research Letters, 3, 743–746, doi:10.1029/
GL003i012p00743.
Desonie, D. L., Duncan, R. A., and Natland, J. H., 1993. Temporal
and geochemical variability of volcanic products of the
Marquesas Hotspot. Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid
Earth, 98(B10), 17649–17665, doi:10.1029/93JB01562.
Dick, H. J. B., Fisher, R. L., and Bryan, W. B., 1984. Mineralogic
variability of the uppermost mantle along mid-ocean ridges.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 69, 88–106.
Ebinger, C. J., and Sleep, N. H., 1998. Cenozoic magmatism
throughout east Africa resulting from impact of a single plume.
Nature, 395(6704), 788–791.
Eiler, J. M., Carr, M. J., Reagan, M., and Stolper, E., 2005. Oxygen
isotope constraints on the sources of Central American arc lavas.
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 6(7), Q07007,
doi:10.1029/2004gc000804.
Falloon, T. J., Danyushevsky, L. V. A. A., Green, D. H., and Ford,
C. E., 2007. The application of olivine geothermometry to infer
crystallization temperatures of parental liquids; implications for
the temperature of MORB magmas. Chemical Geology, 241
(3–4), 207–233, doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.01.015.
Farnetani, C. G., and Samuel, H., 2005. Beyond the thermal plume
paradigm. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L0731,
doi:10.1029/2005GL022360.
Farnetani, C. G., Hofmann, A. W., and Class, C., 2012. How double
volcanic chains sample geochemical anomalies from the lowermost mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
359–360(0), 240–247, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.09.057.
Fekiacova, Z., Abouchami, W., Galer, S. J. G., Garcia, M. O., and
Hofmann, A. W., 2007. Origin and temporal evolution of Koolau
Volcano, Hawaii: inferences from isotope data on the Koolau
Scientific Drilling Project (KSDP), the Honolulu Volcanics and
ODP Site 843. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 261(1–2),
65–83.
Garcia, M. O., Swinnard, L., Weis, D., Greene, A. R., Tagami, T.,
Sano, H., Gandy, C. E., 2010. Petrology, Geochemistry and Geochronology of Kaua’i Lavas over 4.5 Myr: Implications for the
Origin of Rejuvenated Volcanism and the Evolution of the
Hawaiian Plume. Journal of Petrology, 51(7), 1507–1540,
doi:10.1093/petrology/egq027.
Gast, P. W., 1969. The isotopic composition of lead from St. Helena
and Ascension Islands. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 5,
253–259.
Grand, S. P., van der Hilst, R. D., and Widiyantoro, S., 1997. Global
seismic tomography: a snapshot of convection in the mantle.
Geological Society of America: GSA Today, 7(4), 1–7.
Green, D. H., Falloon, T. J., Eggins, S., and Yaxley, G., 2001. Primary magmas and mantle temperatures. European Journal of
Mineralogy, 13, 437–451.
Griffiths, R. W., and Campbell, I. H., 1990. Stirring and structure in
mantle starting plumes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 99
(1–2), 66–78.
Grove, T. L., Chatterjee, N., Parman, S. W., and Médard, E., 2006.
The influence of H 2 O on mantle wedge melting. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 249(1–2), 74–89, doi:10.1016/j.
epsl.2006.06.043.
Gurriet, P., 1987. A thermal model for the origin of post-erosional
alkalic lava, Hawaii. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 82
(1–2), 153–158, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(87)90115-4.
Hanan, B. B., and Graham, D. W., 1996. Lead and helium isotope
evidence from oceanic basalts for a common deep source of
mantle plumes. Science, 272(5264), 991–995.
Hanan, B. B., Kingsley, R. H., and Schilling, J.-G., 1986. Pb isotope
evidence in the South Atlantic for migrating ridge-hotspot interactions. Nature, 322(6075), 137–144.
Harpp, K. S, and White, W. M. 2001. Tracing a mantle plume: Isotopic and trace element variations of Galápagos seamounts. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2(1042), doi:10.1029/
2000GC000137.
Harpp, K. S., Hall, P. S., and Jackson, M. G., 2014. Galápagos and
Easter: a tale of two hotspots. In The Galapagos: A Natural Laboratory for the Earth Sciences. Washington, DC: AGU, Vol.
204, pp. 27–40.
Hart, S. R., Schilling, J. G., and Powell, J. L., 1973. Basalts from
Iceland and along the Reykjanes Ridge: Sr isotope geochemistry.
Nature Physical Science, 246, 104–107.
Hawkins, J. W., and Natland, J. H., 1975. Nephelinites and
basanites of the Samoan linear volcanic chain: their possible tectonic significance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 24,
427–439.
Hedge, C. E., 1966. Variations in radiogenic strontium found in volcanic rocks. Journal of Geophysical Research, 71, 6119–6126,
doi:10.1029/JZ071i024p06119.
Herzberg, C., and Asimow, P. D., 2008. Petrology of some oceanic
island basalts: PRIMELT2.XLS software for primary magma
HOT SPOTS AND MANTLE PLUMES
325