Huh, C. A., and Ku, T. L., 1984. Radiochemical observation on
manganese nodules from three sedimentary environments in
the North Pacific. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48(5),
951–963.
Ivanovich, M., and Harmon, R. S. (eds.), 1992. Uranium-Series
Disequilibrium: Applications to Earth, Marine and Environmental Sciences, 2nd edn. Oxford: Clarendon, p. 902.
Kaufman, A., Broecker, W. S., Ku, T.-L., and Thurber, D. L., 1971.
The status of U-series methods of mollusk dating. Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta, 35, 1155–1183.
Ku, T.-L., 1968. Protactinium-231 method of dating coral from Barbados Island. Journal of Geophysical Research, 73, 2271–2276.
Ku, T. L., 1976. The uranium-series methods of age determination.
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 4, 347–380.
Ku, T. L., and Broecker, W. S., 1967. Uranium, thorium and protactinium in a manganese nodule. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2, 317–320.
Ku, T. L., and Broecker, W. S., 1969. Radiochemical studies of
manganese nodules of deep-sea origin. Deep Sea Research, 16,
625–637.
Kuznetsov,
Y.
V.,
1976.
Radiokhronologia
okeana
(Radiochronology of Ocean). Moscow: Atomizdat, p. 279
(in Russian).
Kuznetsov, V. Y., and Maksimov, F. E., 2012. Metody
chetvertichnoy geokhronometrii v paleogeografii I morskoy
geologii (Methods of Quaternary Geochronometry in
Palaeogeography and Marine Geology). Saint-Petersburg:
Nauka, p. 191 (in Russian).
Kuznetsov V. Y., 2008. Radiokhronologia chetvertichnikh
otlozheniy (Radiochronology of Quaternary Deposits). SaintPetersburg, p. 312 (in Russian).
Kuznetsov, V. Y., Arslanov, K. A., Shilov, V. V., and Cherkashev,
G. A., 2002.
230 Th-excess and
14 C dating of pelagic sediments
from
the
hydrothermal
zone
of
the
North
Atlantic. Geochronometria, 21, 33–40.
Kuznetsov, V., Cherkashev, G., Lein, A., Shilov, V., Maksimov, F.,
Arslanov, K., Stepanova, T., Baranova, N., Chernov, S., and
Tarasenko, D., 2006.
230 Th/U dating of massive sulfides from
the Logatchev and Rainbow hydrothermal fields (Mid-Atlantic
Ridge). Geochronometria, 25, 51–56.
Kuznetsov, V. Y., Cherkashev, G. A., Bel’tenev, V. E., Lein, A. Y.,
Maximov, F. E., Shilov, V. V., and Stepanova, T. V., 2007. The
230 Th/U dating of sulfide ores in the ocean: methodical possibilities, measurement results and perspectives of application.
Doklady Earth Sciences, 417(8), 1202–1205.
Kuznetsov, V., Maksimov, F., Zheleznov, A., Cherkashov, G.,
Bel’tenev, V., and Lazareva, L., 2011.
230 Th/U chronology of
ore formation within the Semyenov hydrothermal district
(13
31
0 N) at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Geochronometria, 38,
72–76.
Lalou, C., and Brichet, E., 1982. Ages and implications of
East Pacific Rise sulphide deposits at 21
N. Nature, 300,
169–171.
Lalou, C., and Brichet, E., 1987. On the isotopic chronology of submarine hydrothermal deposits. Chemical Geology, 65, 197–207.
Lalou, C., Reyss, L. G., Brichet, E., Krasnov, S., Stepanova, T.,
Cherkashev, G., and Markov, V., 1988. Chronology of a recently
discovered hydrothermal field at 14
45
0 N, Mid Atlantic Ridge.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 144, 483–490.
Lalou, C., Reyss, J. L., Brichet, E., Arnold, M., Thompson, G., Fouquet, Y., and Rona, P. A., 1993. New age data for MAR hydrothermal sites: TAG and Snakepit chronology revisited. Journal
of Geophysical Research, 98, 9705–9713.
Lalou, C., Reyss, J.-L., Brichet, E., Rona, P. A., and Thompson, G.,
1995. Hydrothermal activity on a 10
5 -year scale at a slowspreading ridge. TAG hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge
26
N. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 17855–17862.
Lalou, C., Reyss, J. L., Brichet, E., Krasnov, S., Stepanova, T.,
Cherkashev, G., and Markov, V., 1996. Initial chronology of a
recently discovered hydrothermal field at 14
45
0 N, Mid- Atlantic Ridge. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 144, 483–490.
Lalou, C., Reyss, J.-L., and Brichet, E., 1998. Age of sub-bottom
sulfide samples at the TAG active mound. In Herzig, P. M.,
Humphris, S. E., Miller, D. J., and Zierenberg, R. A. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. College Station: Ocean
Drilling Program. Scientific Results, Vol. 158, pp. 111–117.
Michard, A., Albarede, F., Michard, G., Minster, J. F., and Charlou,
J. L., 1983. Rare-earth elements and uranium in hightemperature solutions from East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent
field (13
N). Nature, 303(5920), 795–797.
Moore, W. S., and Sackett, W. M., 1964. Uranium and thorium
series inequilibrium in sea water. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 69(24), 5401.
Not, C., and Hillaire-Marcel, C., 2010. Time constraints from
230 Th
and
231
Pa data in late Quaternary, low sedimentation rate
sequences from the Arctic Ocean: an example from the northern
Mendeleev Ridge. Quaternary Science Reviews, 29,
3665–3675.
Rosenthal, Y., Boyle, E. A., Labeyrie, L., and Oppo, D., 1995. Glacial enrichments of authigenic Cd and U in subantarctic sediments: a climatic control on the elements’ oceanic budget?
Paleoceanography, 10(3), 395–413.
Rosholt, J. N., and Antal, P. S., 1962. Evaluation of the Pa231/UTh230/U method for dating Pleistocene carbonate rocks.
U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 450-E, 108–111.
Sackett, W. M., 1960. Protactinium-231 content of ocean water and
sediments. Science, 132, 1761.
Sakanoue, M., Konishi, K., and Komura, K., 1967. Stepwise determinations of thorium, protactinium, and uranium isotopes and
their application in geochronological studies. In Proceedings of
the Symposium on Radioactive Dating and Methods of
Low-Level Counting, Monaco, pp. 313–329.
Scott, M. R., Osmond, T. K., and Cochran, T. K., 1972. Sedimentation rates and sediment chemistry in the South Indian Basin. In
Hayes, D. E. (ed.), Antarctic Oceanology II, the AustralianNew-Zealand Sector. Washington, DC: American Geophysical
Union. Antarctic Research Series, Vol. 19, pp. 317–334.
Smart, P. L., 1991. Uranium series dating. In Smart, P. L., and
Frances, P. D. (eds.), Quaternary Dating Methods. London:
Quaternary Research Association. Technical Guide, Vol.
4, pp. 45–83.
Stein, M., Wasserburg, G., Aharon, P., Chen, J. H., Zhu, Z. R.,
Bloom, A. L., and Chapell, J., 1993. TIMS U series dating and
stable isotopes of the last interglacial event at Papua New
Guinea. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 2541–2554.
Taguchi, K., Harada, K., and Tsunogai, S., 1989. Particulate removal
of
230
Th and
231
Pa in the biologically productive northern North
Pacific. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 93, 223–232.
Veeh, H. H., 1966. 230Th/238U and 234U/238U ages of Pleistocene high sea level stand. Journal of Geophysical Research,
71, 3379–3386.
Waelbroeck, C., Frank, N., Jouzel, J., Parrenin, F., MassonDelamotte, V., and Genty, D., 2008. Transferring radiometric dating of the last interglacial sea level high stand to marine and ice
core records. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265, 183–194.
Wagner, G. A., 1998. Age Determination of Young Rocks and Artifacts. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer, p. 467.
You, C.-F., and Bickle, M., 1998. Evolution of an active sea-floor
massive sulphide deposit. Nature, 394, 668–671.
Zhu, Z. R., Wyrwoll, K. H., Chen, L., Chen, J., Wasserburg, G. J.,
and Eisenhauer, A., 1993. High-precision U-series dating of last
interglacial events by mass spectrometry: Houtman Abrolhos
Islands, Western Australia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
118, 281–293.
GEOCHRONOLOGY: URANIUM-SERIES DATING OF OCEAN FORMATIONS
275
manganese nodules from three sedimentary environments in
the North Pacific. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48(5),
951–963.
Ivanovich, M., and Harmon, R. S. (eds.), 1992. Uranium-Series
Disequilibrium: Applications to Earth, Marine and Environmental Sciences, 2nd edn. Oxford: Clarendon, p. 902.
Kaufman, A., Broecker, W. S., Ku, T.-L., and Thurber, D. L., 1971.
The status of U-series methods of mollusk dating. Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta, 35, 1155–1183.
Ku, T.-L., 1968. Protactinium-231 method of dating coral from Barbados Island. Journal of Geophysical Research, 73, 2271–2276.
Ku, T. L., 1976. The uranium-series methods of age determination.
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 4, 347–380.
Ku, T. L., and Broecker, W. S., 1967. Uranium, thorium and protactinium in a manganese nodule. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2, 317–320.
Ku, T. L., and Broecker, W. S., 1969. Radiochemical studies of
manganese nodules of deep-sea origin. Deep Sea Research, 16,
625–637.
Kuznetsov,
Y.
V.,
1976.
Radiokhronologia
okeana
(Radiochronology of Ocean). Moscow: Atomizdat, p. 279
(in Russian).
Kuznetsov, V. Y., and Maksimov, F. E., 2012. Metody
chetvertichnoy geokhronometrii v paleogeografii I morskoy
geologii (Methods of Quaternary Geochronometry in
Palaeogeography and Marine Geology). Saint-Petersburg:
Nauka, p. 191 (in Russian).
Kuznetsov V. Y., 2008. Radiokhronologia chetvertichnikh
otlozheniy (Radiochronology of Quaternary Deposits). SaintPetersburg, p. 312 (in Russian).
Kuznetsov, V. Y., Arslanov, K. A., Shilov, V. V., and Cherkashev,
G. A., 2002.
230 Th-excess and
14 C dating of pelagic sediments
from
the
hydrothermal
zone
of
the
North
Atlantic. Geochronometria, 21, 33–40.
Kuznetsov, V., Cherkashev, G., Lein, A., Shilov, V., Maksimov, F.,
Arslanov, K., Stepanova, T., Baranova, N., Chernov, S., and
Tarasenko, D., 2006.
230 Th/U dating of massive sulfides from
the Logatchev and Rainbow hydrothermal fields (Mid-Atlantic
Ridge). Geochronometria, 25, 51–56.
Kuznetsov, V. Y., Cherkashev, G. A., Bel’tenev, V. E., Lein, A. Y.,
Maximov, F. E., Shilov, V. V., and Stepanova, T. V., 2007. The
230 Th/U dating of sulfide ores in the ocean: methodical possibilities, measurement results and perspectives of application.
Doklady Earth Sciences, 417(8), 1202–1205.
Kuznetsov, V., Maksimov, F., Zheleznov, A., Cherkashov, G.,
Bel’tenev, V., and Lazareva, L., 2011.
230 Th/U chronology of
ore formation within the Semyenov hydrothermal district
(13
31
0 N) at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Geochronometria, 38,
72–76.
Lalou, C., and Brichet, E., 1982. Ages and implications of
East Pacific Rise sulphide deposits at 21
N. Nature, 300,
169–171.
Lalou, C., and Brichet, E., 1987. On the isotopic chronology of submarine hydrothermal deposits. Chemical Geology, 65, 197–207.
Lalou, C., Reyss, L. G., Brichet, E., Krasnov, S., Stepanova, T.,
Cherkashev, G., and Markov, V., 1988. Chronology of a recently
discovered hydrothermal field at 14
45
0 N, Mid Atlantic Ridge.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 144, 483–490.
Lalou, C., Reyss, J. L., Brichet, E., Arnold, M., Thompson, G., Fouquet, Y., and Rona, P. A., 1993. New age data for MAR hydrothermal sites: TAG and Snakepit chronology revisited. Journal
of Geophysical Research, 98, 9705–9713.
Lalou, C., Reyss, J.-L., Brichet, E., Rona, P. A., and Thompson, G.,
1995. Hydrothermal activity on a 10
5 -year scale at a slowspreading ridge. TAG hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge
26
N. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 17855–17862.
Lalou, C., Reyss, J. L., Brichet, E., Krasnov, S., Stepanova, T.,
Cherkashev, G., and Markov, V., 1996. Initial chronology of a
recently discovered hydrothermal field at 14
45
0 N, Mid- Atlantic Ridge. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 144, 483–490.
Lalou, C., Reyss, J.-L., and Brichet, E., 1998. Age of sub-bottom
sulfide samples at the TAG active mound. In Herzig, P. M.,
Humphris, S. E., Miller, D. J., and Zierenberg, R. A. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. College Station: Ocean
Drilling Program. Scientific Results, Vol. 158, pp. 111–117.
Michard, A., Albarede, F., Michard, G., Minster, J. F., and Charlou,
J. L., 1983. Rare-earth elements and uranium in hightemperature solutions from East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent
field (13
N). Nature, 303(5920), 795–797.
Moore, W. S., and Sackett, W. M., 1964. Uranium and thorium
series inequilibrium in sea water. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 69(24), 5401.
Not, C., and Hillaire-Marcel, C., 2010. Time constraints from
230 Th
and
231
Pa data in late Quaternary, low sedimentation rate
sequences from the Arctic Ocean: an example from the northern
Mendeleev Ridge. Quaternary Science Reviews, 29,
3665–3675.
Rosenthal, Y., Boyle, E. A., Labeyrie, L., and Oppo, D., 1995. Glacial enrichments of authigenic Cd and U in subantarctic sediments: a climatic control on the elements’ oceanic budget?
Paleoceanography, 10(3), 395–413.
Rosholt, J. N., and Antal, P. S., 1962. Evaluation of the Pa231/UTh230/U method for dating Pleistocene carbonate rocks.
U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 450-E, 108–111.
Sackett, W. M., 1960. Protactinium-231 content of ocean water and
sediments. Science, 132, 1761.
Sakanoue, M., Konishi, K., and Komura, K., 1967. Stepwise determinations of thorium, protactinium, and uranium isotopes and
their application in geochronological studies. In Proceedings of
the Symposium on Radioactive Dating and Methods of
Low-Level Counting, Monaco, pp. 313–329.
Scott, M. R., Osmond, T. K., and Cochran, T. K., 1972. Sedimentation rates and sediment chemistry in the South Indian Basin. In
Hayes, D. E. (ed.), Antarctic Oceanology II, the AustralianNew-Zealand Sector. Washington, DC: American Geophysical
Union. Antarctic Research Series, Vol. 19, pp. 317–334.
Smart, P. L., 1991. Uranium series dating. In Smart, P. L., and
Frances, P. D. (eds.), Quaternary Dating Methods. London:
Quaternary Research Association. Technical Guide, Vol.
4, pp. 45–83.
Stein, M., Wasserburg, G., Aharon, P., Chen, J. H., Zhu, Z. R.,
Bloom, A. L., and Chapell, J., 1993. TIMS U series dating and
stable isotopes of the last interglacial event at Papua New
Guinea. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 2541–2554.
Taguchi, K., Harada, K., and Tsunogai, S., 1989. Particulate removal
of
230
Th and
231
Pa in the biologically productive northern North
Pacific. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 93, 223–232.
Veeh, H. H., 1966. 230Th/238U and 234U/238U ages of Pleistocene high sea level stand. Journal of Geophysical Research,
71, 3379–3386.
Waelbroeck, C., Frank, N., Jouzel, J., Parrenin, F., MassonDelamotte, V., and Genty, D., 2008. Transferring radiometric dating of the last interglacial sea level high stand to marine and ice
core records. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265, 183–194.
Wagner, G. A., 1998. Age Determination of Young Rocks and Artifacts. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer, p. 467.
You, C.-F., and Bickle, M., 1998. Evolution of an active sea-floor
massive sulphide deposit. Nature, 394, 668–671.
Zhu, Z. R., Wyrwoll, K. H., Chen, L., Chen, J., Wasserburg, G. J.,
and Eisenhauer, A., 1993. High-precision U-series dating of last
interglacial events by mass spectrometry: Houtman Abrolhos
Islands, Western Australia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
118, 281–293.
GEOCHRONOLOGY: URANIUM-SERIES DATING OF OCEAN FORMATIONS
275