stable isotopes
304
stable isotopes ~isotopes.
stagnant basin basin containing stagnant water.
stagnant water the rate of renewal of water in most parts of the ocean is sufficiently rapid to keep the oxygen content at a high enough level to ensure normal conditions for marine life. However, in isolated marine basins the renewal may be slow or intermittent and there permanent or temporarily stagnant
conditions occur, leading to oxygen deficit and the absence of most marine
life forms. Examples are the deeper waters of the Black Sea, the Cariaco
Trench near Venezuela and (temporarily) the Baltic Sea and some fjords.
standard deviation the square root of the variance. ~statistics.
standard error of mean standard deviation divided by n, where n is the number of
samples taken. ~statistics.
standard seawater seawater with a carefully checked standard composition and
salinity provided by several oceanographic institutions in ampules as a reference for the determination of salinity of seawater samples.
standing crop (syn. standing stock) actual total biomass in a population or group of
populations, particularly used to denote harvestable resources, but in phytoplankton or zooplankton indicates biomass measured per m 3 or m 2 •
standing wave a wave that does not transport energy, but consists of a vertical
oscillation of the sea surface with a sinusoidally varying amplitude. At distances of half the wavelength the amplitude is zero, and the water surface
stays at rest. These points are called the nodes. At either side of a node the
oscillation is (vertically) in opposite phase. The water particles at the nodes
are oscillating horizontally; at the antinodes, the points of maximum vertical
amplitude, the horizontal movement disappears. Standing waves can be
regarded as the superposition of two equal progressive waves, traveling in
opposite directions. In a (semi)enclosed basin this can be caused by a reflection at the boundaries. A seiche is an example of a standing wave.
starfish ~Asteroidea.
stationary phase is the period during the growth cycle of a population of
microorganisms in which growth ceases.
statistics (1) mathematical methods of analyses, which are intended to aid the
interpretation of data subject of a haphazard nature. Such variation is
described in terms of probability distribution. So the data are characterized by
304
stable isotopes ~isotopes.
stagnant basin basin containing stagnant water.
stagnant water the rate of renewal of water in most parts of the ocean is sufficiently rapid to keep the oxygen content at a high enough level to ensure normal conditions for marine life. However, in isolated marine basins the renewal may be slow or intermittent and there permanent or temporarily stagnant
conditions occur, leading to oxygen deficit and the absence of most marine
life forms. Examples are the deeper waters of the Black Sea, the Cariaco
Trench near Venezuela and (temporarily) the Baltic Sea and some fjords.
standard deviation the square root of the variance. ~statistics.
standard error of mean standard deviation divided by n, where n is the number of
samples taken. ~statistics.
standard seawater seawater with a carefully checked standard composition and
salinity provided by several oceanographic institutions in ampules as a reference for the determination of salinity of seawater samples.
standing crop (syn. standing stock) actual total biomass in a population or group of
populations, particularly used to denote harvestable resources, but in phytoplankton or zooplankton indicates biomass measured per m 3 or m 2 •
standing wave a wave that does not transport energy, but consists of a vertical
oscillation of the sea surface with a sinusoidally varying amplitude. At distances of half the wavelength the amplitude is zero, and the water surface
stays at rest. These points are called the nodes. At either side of a node the
oscillation is (vertically) in opposite phase. The water particles at the nodes
are oscillating horizontally; at the antinodes, the points of maximum vertical
amplitude, the horizontal movement disappears. Standing waves can be
regarded as the superposition of two equal progressive waves, traveling in
opposite directions. In a (semi)enclosed basin this can be caused by a reflection at the boundaries. A seiche is an example of a standing wave.
starfish ~Asteroidea.
stationary phase is the period during the growth cycle of a population of
microorganisms in which growth ceases.
statistics (1) mathematical methods of analyses, which are intended to aid the
interpretation of data subject of a haphazard nature. Such variation is
described in terms of probability distribution. So the data are characterized by