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autochthonous
aspirating a sample solution into a flame which is aligned in the light (energy) beam, or by means of a graphite furnace, in which the atom cloud is produced by electrical heating of the graphite tube. By the latter method the
atom cloud stays inside the tube, which for most elements gives a higher
sensitivity and so a lower detection limit than the flame method.
AlP adenosine triphosphate, chemical compound involved in energy-requiring
reactions of cellular metabolism in living organisms. It contains three phosphate groups bound to adenosine; two of them, the so-called high energy
phosphate bonds, yield a very high energy (7 kcallmol) on hydrolysis. This
chemical energy can drive an energy-requiring reaction. It can also be used
to activate a compound prior to its entry into a particular reaction. The activation by ATP permits a thermodynamically unfavored metabolic process to
occur. Some ATP is produced by reactions that occur in the cytoplasm, but
about 95 % of all ATP is produced within the mitochondria, organelles concerned principally with the generation of energy. The energy-rich phosphate groups are produced at the energy cost of, for instance, the complete
oxidation of glucose.
attenuation ~optics.
Aufwuchs ~periphyton.
auricula organ shaped like an ear.
autecology study of relationships between the organism and its environment,
on the level of the single species. ~ecology.
authigenesis general term for the processes that form new mineral phases on the
seabed, either by direct precipitation from seawater or by the alteration of preexisting material. The term literally means "self-originating" and it was originally applied at a time when it was thought that the chemical reactions were
entirely inorganic, that is, they occurred without the intervention of marine
organisms. The name has stuck, and it is important to emphasize that the
term is now applied to reactions that occur essentially in the sediment or at
the interface between seawater and the seabed. However, it also encompasses
the inorganic precipitation of mineral phases in the water column, for example, the formation of nonbiogenic calcium carbonate in certain areas (e.g., the
warm shallow waters of the Bahamas Banks), and the formation of particulate
manganese oxide in the dispersed plumes from hydrothermal vents.
autochthonous produced at the spot (in situ) used for organic matter, but also for
animals and plants which (almost) complete their life cycle in a given area
(opposite of allochthonous).
autochthonous
aspirating a sample solution into a flame which is aligned in the light (energy) beam, or by means of a graphite furnace, in which the atom cloud is produced by electrical heating of the graphite tube. By the latter method the
atom cloud stays inside the tube, which for most elements gives a higher
sensitivity and so a lower detection limit than the flame method.
AlP adenosine triphosphate, chemical compound involved in energy-requiring
reactions of cellular metabolism in living organisms. It contains three phosphate groups bound to adenosine; two of them, the so-called high energy
phosphate bonds, yield a very high energy (7 kcallmol) on hydrolysis. This
chemical energy can drive an energy-requiring reaction. It can also be used
to activate a compound prior to its entry into a particular reaction. The activation by ATP permits a thermodynamically unfavored metabolic process to
occur. Some ATP is produced by reactions that occur in the cytoplasm, but
about 95 % of all ATP is produced within the mitochondria, organelles concerned principally with the generation of energy. The energy-rich phosphate groups are produced at the energy cost of, for instance, the complete
oxidation of glucose.
attenuation ~optics.
Aufwuchs ~periphyton.
auricula organ shaped like an ear.
autecology study of relationships between the organism and its environment,
on the level of the single species. ~ecology.
authigenesis general term for the processes that form new mineral phases on the
seabed, either by direct precipitation from seawater or by the alteration of preexisting material. The term literally means "self-originating" and it was originally applied at a time when it was thought that the chemical reactions were
entirely inorganic, that is, they occurred without the intervention of marine
organisms. The name has stuck, and it is important to emphasize that the
term is now applied to reactions that occur essentially in the sediment or at
the interface between seawater and the seabed. However, it also encompasses
the inorganic precipitation of mineral phases in the water column, for example, the formation of nonbiogenic calcium carbonate in certain areas (e.g., the
warm shallow waters of the Bahamas Banks), and the formation of particulate
manganese oxide in the dispersed plumes from hydrothermal vents.
autochthonous produced at the spot (in situ) used for organic matter, but also for
animals and plants which (almost) complete their life cycle in a given area
(opposite of allochthonous).