165
ionizing
ed in living cells (~pinocytosis) and digested there. In unicellular organisms
the phenomenon is quite common: in higher animals it is only encountered
in the epithelial cell lining of the digestive tract.
intraspecific (bioI.) within one species, ~competition, biological.
invasions sudden appearance of organisms outside their normal range. The
invaders may have used their own means of dispersal for settlement in the
new surroundings; they may have been transported by circumstances (e.g.,
high winds), or unintentionally or intentionally transported by man. In this
century European coastal waters have been invaded by several organisms of
various origin, such as: the barnacle Elminius modestus from New Zealand,
the crab Eriocheir sinensis from China, the bivalves Petricola pholadiformis
and Ensis directus from North America, the alga Sargassum muticum and
the tunicate Styela clava from East Asia. Characteristically, the invaders
increase enormously, wiping out entire indigenous communities. Such ecological invasions are only possible when restraining forces are lacking.
Invertebrata the 95 % of the animal kingdom not possessing a backbone (vertebral column). The division of the animal kingdom into vertebrates and
invertebrates is artificial and reflects historical human bias in favor of man's
own relatives.
in vitro "in glass", in general, applied to biological processes when they are
experimentally made to occur in isolation from the whole organism (which
usually means within a glass vessel). Compare in vivo.
in vivo within the living organism. Compare in vitro.
ion-exchange the process in which cations and/or anions attached to a solid substrate are exchanged for equivalent cations and/or anions from the surrounding solution. The reaction is reversible and can be described with an
equilibrium constant, such as distribution coefficient. In the marine environment, clay-mineral sedimentary particles have some degree of cationexchange properties, which can be defined by the base-exchange capacity and
determined by the technique of exchange of sodium cations for ammonium
cations.
ionic product of water is given by the product of H+ and OH- ion concentrations
and has a value of 10- 14 • Thus the pH (-log H+ concentration) is equal to 7.0
for equal H+ and OH- concentrations, where pH + pOH = 14. ~pH .
ionizing the process in which substances dissolved in seawater separate in
cations and anions, where each ion is surrounded by water molecules
ionizing
ed in living cells (~pinocytosis) and digested there. In unicellular organisms
the phenomenon is quite common: in higher animals it is only encountered
in the epithelial cell lining of the digestive tract.
intraspecific (bioI.) within one species, ~competition, biological.
invasions sudden appearance of organisms outside their normal range. The
invaders may have used their own means of dispersal for settlement in the
new surroundings; they may have been transported by circumstances (e.g.,
high winds), or unintentionally or intentionally transported by man. In this
century European coastal waters have been invaded by several organisms of
various origin, such as: the barnacle Elminius modestus from New Zealand,
the crab Eriocheir sinensis from China, the bivalves Petricola pholadiformis
and Ensis directus from North America, the alga Sargassum muticum and
the tunicate Styela clava from East Asia. Characteristically, the invaders
increase enormously, wiping out entire indigenous communities. Such ecological invasions are only possible when restraining forces are lacking.
Invertebrata the 95 % of the animal kingdom not possessing a backbone (vertebral column). The division of the animal kingdom into vertebrates and
invertebrates is artificial and reflects historical human bias in favor of man's
own relatives.
in vitro "in glass", in general, applied to biological processes when they are
experimentally made to occur in isolation from the whole organism (which
usually means within a glass vessel). Compare in vivo.
in vivo within the living organism. Compare in vitro.
ion-exchange the process in which cations and/or anions attached to a solid substrate are exchanged for equivalent cations and/or anions from the surrounding solution. The reaction is reversible and can be described with an
equilibrium constant, such as distribution coefficient. In the marine environment, clay-mineral sedimentary particles have some degree of cationexchange properties, which can be defined by the base-exchange capacity and
determined by the technique of exchange of sodium cations for ammonium
cations.
ionic product of water is given by the product of H+ and OH- ion concentrations
and has a value of 10- 14 • Thus the pH (-log H+ concentration) is equal to 7.0
for equal H+ and OH- concentrations, where pH + pOH = 14. ~pH .
ionizing the process in which substances dissolved in seawater separate in
cations and anions, where each ion is surrounded by water molecules