growler
144
is equal to the phase velocity. For pure capillary waves the group velocity is one
and a half times the phase velocity.
growler ---7iceberg.
growth increase in size, used both for individuals and populations. Individual
organisms may grow at equal rates in all directions (isometric growth) or
stronger in certain directions such as length (allometric growth). Populations
grow in size by reproduction (natality) and sometimes also by immigration. At
unlimited food supply, initial small numbers increase at first at an accelerating rate until food (or other resources) becomes limiting and the rate of
increase becomes lower and lower. This results in S-shaped growth curves.
growth curve graph showing length (or any other one-dimensional measure of
body size) or weight (biomass) of the average individual organism plotted on
a time axis. The simplest way to construct a growth curve is to fit a curve
through a series of frequently measured lengths or weights. Study of the
basic concepts of the process of growth has shown that individual growth
can be explained as a result of size-dependent anabolic and catabolic
(---7metabolism) processes that compensate each other at maximum size Wn,
and mathematical equations have been developed to describe the process. A
well-known equation is that developed by Plitter, Bertalanffy and Taylor:
w= [wn- (wn- Won) e-nklt-tOl]lIn which has the sigmoid form (S-shaped),
and is used to calculate production for a great variety of animals, especially
in fishery science. ---7growth.
growth efficiency ratio between growth (measured as weight increment) and
food intake (measured in the same units, e.g., grams ash-free dry weight).
Animals grow efficiently if they need little food for fast growth. Young animals generally show higher growth efficiency than old individuals of the
same species. Compare production efficiency for a similar ratio for entire trophic
levels of an ecosystem.
growth form (1) used for the growth of populations, two basic patterns can be
discerned based on the shapes of arithmetic plots of growth curves: the Jshaped and the S-shaped or sigmoid growth form, ---7growth and ---7growth
curve; (2) used in ecological research of, e.g., reef corals where colony form is
adjusted to the environment, particularly to water movement. Massive,
encrusting, and stoutly ramose or branching growth forms occur in exposed
habitats, delicately branching or thinly foliaceous forms in sheltered habitats. Study of growth forms in recent and fossil faunas often gives a better
insight into the (paleo)environment than species lists. In Bryozoa some 20
growth forms can been discerned.
144
is equal to the phase velocity. For pure capillary waves the group velocity is one
and a half times the phase velocity.
growler ---7iceberg.
growth increase in size, used both for individuals and populations. Individual
organisms may grow at equal rates in all directions (isometric growth) or
stronger in certain directions such as length (allometric growth). Populations
grow in size by reproduction (natality) and sometimes also by immigration. At
unlimited food supply, initial small numbers increase at first at an accelerating rate until food (or other resources) becomes limiting and the rate of
increase becomes lower and lower. This results in S-shaped growth curves.
growth curve graph showing length (or any other one-dimensional measure of
body size) or weight (biomass) of the average individual organism plotted on
a time axis. The simplest way to construct a growth curve is to fit a curve
through a series of frequently measured lengths or weights. Study of the
basic concepts of the process of growth has shown that individual growth
can be explained as a result of size-dependent anabolic and catabolic
(---7metabolism) processes that compensate each other at maximum size Wn,
and mathematical equations have been developed to describe the process. A
well-known equation is that developed by Plitter, Bertalanffy and Taylor:
w= [wn- (wn- Won) e-nklt-tOl]lIn which has the sigmoid form (S-shaped),
and is used to calculate production for a great variety of animals, especially
in fishery science. ---7growth.
growth efficiency ratio between growth (measured as weight increment) and
food intake (measured in the same units, e.g., grams ash-free dry weight).
Animals grow efficiently if they need little food for fast growth. Young animals generally show higher growth efficiency than old individuals of the
same species. Compare production efficiency for a similar ratio for entire trophic
levels of an ecosystem.
growth form (1) used for the growth of populations, two basic patterns can be
discerned based on the shapes of arithmetic plots of growth curves: the Jshaped and the S-shaped or sigmoid growth form, ---7growth and ---7growth
curve; (2) used in ecological research of, e.g., reef corals where colony form is
adjusted to the environment, particularly to water movement. Massive,
encrusting, and stoutly ramose or branching growth forms occur in exposed
habitats, delicately branching or thinly foliaceous forms in sheltered habitats. Study of growth forms in recent and fossil faunas often gives a better
insight into the (paleo)environment than species lists. In Bryozoa some 20
growth forms can been discerned.