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fin-clipping
In this fermentation process organic matter is both electron donor and
acceptor. The biochemical yield of ATP in fermentation is much lower than
during respiratory processes. Well known is the alcoholic fermentation by
yeasts in wine and beer production. Examples of alternative fermentation
pathways are also found in invertebrates, capable surviving anaerobic conditions, e.g., several Platyhelminthes, Polychaeta and marine Bivalvia. These facultative anaerobic invertebrates produce fermentation products such as
acetate, ethanol, alanine, alanopine, strombine, lysopine, octopine, or lactate.
fermentor large growth vessel used to culture microorganisms.
ferromanganese nodules ~manganese nodules.
fertilization the melting of a haploid male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete
(egg) into a diploid zygote or fertilized egg. Fertilization may take place
inside the female after sperm has entered during the process of copulation,
or outside the female when eggs and sperm are released simultaneously during the process of spawning. Fertilization usually takes place within a few
minutes. In some animals the female can store sperm after one copulation,
in order to fertilize several batches of eggs.
fertilizer chemical compound which stimulates growth of plants (nitrate, ammonia, phosphate, urea). Applied in agriculture to increase crops. Unwanted sideeffect of fertilizer application is that it can lead to eutrophication of natural waters.
fetch ~wind wave.
film (surface) ~surface film.
filter feeders (syn. suspension feeders) animals that collect their food by filtering
suspended particles from the water using (part of) the organic particles
(phyto-, zooplankton, Bacteria, detritus) as food. Many different types of screening
apparatus are developed in a wide range of pelagic and benthic organisms. The
particles are collected from the suspension by hairy appendages, long tentacles, mucus, etc. Each species usually feeds on a specific size range of particles enabling many species to use the same food source (food resource-partitioning). The filtering rate (or clearance rate) is measured as the volume of
water filtered (cleared) per unit of time.
filtering rate ~filter feeders.
fin-clipping marking method in studies of fish populations: a small part of the
tail fin or another fin of the fish is removed, leaving a distinguishable mark.
The fish can be recognized individually since the mark can be made on a
fin-clipping
In this fermentation process organic matter is both electron donor and
acceptor. The biochemical yield of ATP in fermentation is much lower than
during respiratory processes. Well known is the alcoholic fermentation by
yeasts in wine and beer production. Examples of alternative fermentation
pathways are also found in invertebrates, capable surviving anaerobic conditions, e.g., several Platyhelminthes, Polychaeta and marine Bivalvia. These facultative anaerobic invertebrates produce fermentation products such as
acetate, ethanol, alanine, alanopine, strombine, lysopine, octopine, or lactate.
fermentor large growth vessel used to culture microorganisms.
ferromanganese nodules ~manganese nodules.
fertilization the melting of a haploid male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete
(egg) into a diploid zygote or fertilized egg. Fertilization may take place
inside the female after sperm has entered during the process of copulation,
or outside the female when eggs and sperm are released simultaneously during the process of spawning. Fertilization usually takes place within a few
minutes. In some animals the female can store sperm after one copulation,
in order to fertilize several batches of eggs.
fertilizer chemical compound which stimulates growth of plants (nitrate, ammonia, phosphate, urea). Applied in agriculture to increase crops. Unwanted sideeffect of fertilizer application is that it can lead to eutrophication of natural waters.
fetch ~wind wave.
film (surface) ~surface film.
filter feeders (syn. suspension feeders) animals that collect their food by filtering
suspended particles from the water using (part of) the organic particles
(phyto-, zooplankton, Bacteria, detritus) as food. Many different types of screening
apparatus are developed in a wide range of pelagic and benthic organisms. The
particles are collected from the suspension by hairy appendages, long tentacles, mucus, etc. Each species usually feeds on a specific size range of particles enabling many species to use the same food source (food resource-partitioning). The filtering rate (or clearance rate) is measured as the volume of
water filtered (cleared) per unit of time.
filtering rate ~filter feeders.
fin-clipping marking method in studies of fish populations: a small part of the
tail fin or another fin of the fish is removed, leaving a distinguishable mark.
The fish can be recognized individually since the mark can be made on a