Ekman transport
108
Ekman spiral. (After Mclellan
1965)
Ekman transport the total wind-driven transport of water in the Ekman solution
of the equations of motion is found to be at right angles to the direction of
the wind. This result can be found by vertical integration of the depthdependent currents as described by the Ekman spiral. In the case of largescale cyclonic wind field (~cyclonic flow) it follows that there is divergence of
water at the surface, which has to be replaced by upwelling water (Ekman
suction). Similarly anticyclonic wind fields give downwelling of surface
waters (Ekman pumping).
Elasmobranchii ~Chondrichthyes.
electrodes conducting surface used for the determination of solute concentrations. The functioning of reversible electrodes is based on Nernst's Law
(electrical potential proportional to the logarithm of the solute concentration). Electrical potentials are measured relative to a reference electrode.
Reversible electrodes exist for the determination of pH, oxygen and alkaline-,
and alkaline-earth metals. At polarographic electrode surfaces the solute is
removed by electrochemical reaction. This results in an electrical current.
The maximum conversion rate is limited by the rate at which the solute is
transported to the electrode. The current output is linearly proportional to
the solute concentration. Polarographic electrodes exist for the measurement of concentrations of oxygen, nitrous oxide, trace metals and electrochemically reactive organic substances.
electron-transport-phosphorylation the synthesis of ATP involving a membrane-associated electron transport chain and the creation of a proton-motive force.
108
Ekman spiral. (After Mclellan
1965)
Ekman transport the total wind-driven transport of water in the Ekman solution
of the equations of motion is found to be at right angles to the direction of
the wind. This result can be found by vertical integration of the depthdependent currents as described by the Ekman spiral. In the case of largescale cyclonic wind field (~cyclonic flow) it follows that there is divergence of
water at the surface, which has to be replaced by upwelling water (Ekman
suction). Similarly anticyclonic wind fields give downwelling of surface
waters (Ekman pumping).
Elasmobranchii ~Chondrichthyes.
electrodes conducting surface used for the determination of solute concentrations. The functioning of reversible electrodes is based on Nernst's Law
(electrical potential proportional to the logarithm of the solute concentration). Electrical potentials are measured relative to a reference electrode.
Reversible electrodes exist for the determination of pH, oxygen and alkaline-,
and alkaline-earth metals. At polarographic electrode surfaces the solute is
removed by electrochemical reaction. This results in an electrical current.
The maximum conversion rate is limited by the rate at which the solute is
transported to the electrode. The current output is linearly proportional to
the solute concentration. Polarographic electrodes exist for the measurement of concentrations of oxygen, nitrous oxide, trace metals and electrochemically reactive organic substances.
electron-transport-phosphorylation the synthesis of ATP involving a membrane-associated electron transport chain and the creation of a proton-motive force.