II. Coastal Management and Coastal Defense
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33
Table 1.
Estimate of marginal costs involved in protecting countries, worldwide,
against the effects ofa 1 m sea-level rise in 100 years (billion US $)
Region
1.
North America
2.
Central America
3.
Caribbean Islands
4.
South America Atlantic Ocean
coast
5.
South America Pacific Ocean coast
6.
Atlantic Ocean small islands
7.
North and West Europe
8.
Baltic Sea coast
9.
Northern Mediterranean
10.
Southern Mediterranean
11.
Africa Atlantic Ocean coast
12.
Africa Indian Ocean coast
13.
Gulf States
14.
Asia Indian Ocean coast
15.
Indian Ocean small islands
16.
South-East Asia
17.
East Asia
18.
Pacific Ocean large islands
19.
Pacific Ocean small islands
20.
(Former) USSR
TOTAL
Total Prot.
Costs bill.
(US $)
106.2
3.0
11.1
37.6
1.7
0.2
49.8
28.9
21.0
13.5
22.8
17.4
9.1
35.9
3.1
25.3
37.6
35.0
3.9
25.0
488.1
Total Costs
per capita
(US $)
306
117
360
173
41
333
190
429
167
87
99
98
115
34
1333
69
38
1550
1809
89
103
Annual
Prot.
Costs
as % of
GNP
0.03
0.12
0.20
0.09
0.04
0.12
0.02
0.07
0.04
0.06
0.17
0.17
0.02
0.14
0.91
0.11
0.02
0.17
0.75
0.01
0.04
Source;
"A world wide cost estimate of basic coastal protection measures", paper by Dutch
Delegation (Rijkswaterstaat / Delft Hydraulics, Note n* H1068 to IPCC-CZM Workshop,
Perth, Australia, February 1990.