IV. Retreating Shorelines
.....
271
Of the 800,000 m ~ (2,825/200 cu.ft 3) of sand, about 700,000 m 3 (247/98,000 ft 3)
settled on the beach itself, representing a volume of 470 m 3 (5,044 cu.fP) per
linear meter was achieved.
The project, using modem technology, combines environmental preservation
coastal protection and support of tourist activity dig. 34)
Techniques have been improved since the Knokke-Heist project was completed.
Another undertaking at Ostend may provide further valuable information. The
Winter 1994-1995 has unfortunately by its terrible storms undone some of the
work and carried tons of sand seawards.
3.1.11 Other locations
Nourishment works have been undertaken on Belgium's west coast (cf. 3.3.4).
Beach nourishment was also called upon south of the Orange River in the
Republic of South Africa, at Saldanka, on Singapore, along the Saronic Gulf East
Coast (Greece) and Victoria Beach near Lagos (Nigeria). On the latter site over
one million metric tons of sand is placed each year (fig. 3,16).
In the Caucasus republic of Georgia, hard defenses have had a disappointing
performance and resiliance history.
Of the 314 km (195 mi) Black Sea coastline of Georgia, 155 km (96 mi) were
washed out in 1961, 183 km (113 mi) in 1971 and 220 km (136 mi) were in an
emergency state in 1981. In 20 years, 1,400 ha (3,460 acres) were lost in spite of
attempts at protection by various hydrotechnical constructions at a cost exceeding
hundreds of million roubles (official exchange rate then was US $ = R 0,85).
Since 1981, a new approach has been in effect.
A restoration of natural morphodynamics of beaches was started. Artificial wavesuppressing beaches reliably protect dry land against wash-out and restored nearcoast landscapes.
Thus, 80 km (31 km) of shoreline were stabilized and 120 ha (296 mi) of dry
land restored. Artificial beaches cost half the price tag of hard coast protection
(A.G. Kinadze et aL, 1995, '~rtificial beaches as a method of sea coast zone
protection" Bordomer '95 Abstr.). The artificial beaches also contribute
cleanness of sea water in the coastal zone. Based upon ten years experience on
the Georgian Black Sea coast Kinadze concludes that the artificial beaches are
the most efficient and economic protective structures.
.....
271
Of the 800,000 m ~ (2,825/200 cu.ft 3) of sand, about 700,000 m 3 (247/98,000 ft 3)
settled on the beach itself, representing a volume of 470 m 3 (5,044 cu.fP) per
linear meter was achieved.
The project, using modem technology, combines environmental preservation
coastal protection and support of tourist activity dig. 34)
Techniques have been improved since the Knokke-Heist project was completed.
Another undertaking at Ostend may provide further valuable information. The
Winter 1994-1995 has unfortunately by its terrible storms undone some of the
work and carried tons of sand seawards.
3.1.11 Other locations
Nourishment works have been undertaken on Belgium's west coast (cf. 3.3.4).
Beach nourishment was also called upon south of the Orange River in the
Republic of South Africa, at Saldanka, on Singapore, along the Saronic Gulf East
Coast (Greece) and Victoria Beach near Lagos (Nigeria). On the latter site over
one million metric tons of sand is placed each year (fig. 3,16).
In the Caucasus republic of Georgia, hard defenses have had a disappointing
performance and resiliance history.
Of the 314 km (195 mi) Black Sea coastline of Georgia, 155 km (96 mi) were
washed out in 1961, 183 km (113 mi) in 1971 and 220 km (136 mi) were in an
emergency state in 1981. In 20 years, 1,400 ha (3,460 acres) were lost in spite of
attempts at protection by various hydrotechnical constructions at a cost exceeding
hundreds of million roubles (official exchange rate then was US $ = R 0,85).
Since 1981, a new approach has been in effect.
A restoration of natural morphodynamics of beaches was started. Artificial wavesuppressing beaches reliably protect dry land against wash-out and restored nearcoast landscapes.
Thus, 80 km (31 km) of shoreline were stabilized and 120 ha (296 mi) of dry
land restored. Artificial beaches cost half the price tag of hard coast protection
(A.G. Kinadze et aL, 1995, '~rtificial beaches as a method of sea coast zone
protection" Bordomer '95 Abstr.). The artificial beaches also contribute
cleanness of sea water in the coastal zone. Based upon ten years experience on
the Georgian Black Sea coast Kinadze concludes that the artificial beaches are
the most efficient and economic protective structures.