264
R.H. Charlier and Chr. P. De Meyer
Zenkovich and Kiknadze report the Baltic and Black Sea schemes which are part
of a planned coastal protection plant involving hundreds of kilometers. They
include coastal processes control and existing projects modifications 26. The
specific case of Georgia is discussed under section 3.1.11.
3.2.7
Australia and New Zealand
Restoration of the Melbourne coast beaches was carried out by piping onshore
sand from the floor of Port Phillip Bay. On Australia's Queensland Gold Coast,
south of Brisbane, beach nourishment was used to reconstruct beaches 27.
Severe beach erosion at Balaena Beach, Wellington, New Zealand demanded
protective action and restoration 27. The choice was made to artificially rebuild the
beach, in 1981-i982, using dredged sandy granular gravel. The beach was
monitored between 1982 and 1984. Notwithstanding considerable sediment
mobility in response to locally generated wind waves, nearly all the nourished
material was retained in the littoral zone.
3.2.8
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Famed Copacabana Beach has been subject to erosion for some time. Charlier
reported early signs of an accelerating problem in 1967. Artificial nourishment
was decided upon after a study on a physical model that took into account the
characteristics of wind, waves, tides and sand, and surveyed bathymetric
conditions 28. A mixed approach was decided upon and 2 million m 3 (2,625,000
cu.yd) of sand were dumped offshore while another 1.5 million m 3 (1,967,000
cu.yd) was deposited on Copacabana Beach itself over a distance of 4.2 km. (2.6
mi). This allowed to widen the beach from its remaining 55 m (179 ft) to about
140 m (455 ft).
3.2.9
United States
A project to restore 25 km (15.5 mi) of coast in the Miami Beach area was priced
in 1991 at $65 million. At Westhamption Beach, NY an original proposal to
install a very limited number of groins and deposit a large amount of sand on the
beach met with local resistance. Numerous groins were built and successive
storms over a five year period removed the sand from areas downdrift of the
groins. And, as in other nearby regions, homes have toppled in the sea as high
tide pushes its way under the shoreline buildings.
R.H. Charlier and Chr. P. De Meyer
Zenkovich and Kiknadze report the Baltic and Black Sea schemes which are part
of a planned coastal protection plant involving hundreds of kilometers. They
include coastal processes control and existing projects modifications 26. The
specific case of Georgia is discussed under section 3.1.11.
3.2.7
Australia and New Zealand
Restoration of the Melbourne coast beaches was carried out by piping onshore
sand from the floor of Port Phillip Bay. On Australia's Queensland Gold Coast,
south of Brisbane, beach nourishment was used to reconstruct beaches 27.
Severe beach erosion at Balaena Beach, Wellington, New Zealand demanded
protective action and restoration 27. The choice was made to artificially rebuild the
beach, in 1981-i982, using dredged sandy granular gravel. The beach was
monitored between 1982 and 1984. Notwithstanding considerable sediment
mobility in response to locally generated wind waves, nearly all the nourished
material was retained in the littoral zone.
3.2.8
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Famed Copacabana Beach has been subject to erosion for some time. Charlier
reported early signs of an accelerating problem in 1967. Artificial nourishment
was decided upon after a study on a physical model that took into account the
characteristics of wind, waves, tides and sand, and surveyed bathymetric
conditions 28. A mixed approach was decided upon and 2 million m 3 (2,625,000
cu.yd) of sand were dumped offshore while another 1.5 million m 3 (1,967,000
cu.yd) was deposited on Copacabana Beach itself over a distance of 4.2 km. (2.6
mi). This allowed to widen the beach from its remaining 55 m (179 ft) to about
140 m (455 ft).
3.2.9
United States
A project to restore 25 km (15.5 mi) of coast in the Miami Beach area was priced
in 1991 at $65 million. At Westhamption Beach, NY an original proposal to
install a very limited number of groins and deposit a large amount of sand on the
beach met with local resistance. Numerous groins were built and successive
storms over a five year period removed the sand from areas downdrift of the
groins. And, as in other nearby regions, homes have toppled in the sea as high
tide pushes its way under the shoreline buildings.