IV. Retreating Shorelines
263
Elsewhere in Germany the century-old tradition of groin construction and
maintenance has been set aside in favor of nourishment. The method has been
followed on the shores of the Frisian Islands. The first attempt was made on
Northerner during the years 1951 and 1952, and followed up by a second, larger
scale, intervention in 195724 . From then on artificial accretion was used on
several beaches : in 1963, Baltrum in 1968, Borkum in 1969 and 1970, Langeoog
in 1971 and Westerland-Sylt in 1972, to name the earliest operations. None,
however, involved a volume of material as impressive as in Belgium.
3.2.4
France
In the Huttes area of the M6doc, a groin built in 1854 was rapidly broken up and
carried to sea. With an average retreat of the beach of 10 m/year (32.8 ft/yr), the
beach is artificially renourished and reprofiled each year. One of the earliest
beach renourishment schemes was undertaken near Cannes (France), on the
fashionable La Croisette Beach where 100,000 m 3 (353/400 cu.fl) were placed on
the beach during 1961-1962 (fig. 19).
3.2.5
Scheveningen, Netherlands
Westerly gales reduced the width of Scheveningen, The Netherlands' most
celebrated beach, to the extent that at high tide and under bad weather
conditions, the sea washed over and against the boulevard. Beach widening
became a necessity for both economic and safety reasons.
Here sand is dredged 20 km (12.4 mi) inland. The operating ship berths near the
pontoon whereupon a short pipeline ends. This pipeline is connected to the ship;
sand is pumped from pontoon to beach. At Goeree, in 1971, beach nourishment
works involved 600,000 m3 (787.500 cu.yd).
3.2.6
Former Soviet Union (Baltic and Black seas)
Various beach nourishment schemes have been implemented in the European
part of the former Soviet Union, for instance at Sochi, Sukhumi Bay, Gelendzhik
and Planerskoye (Black Sea), and on the Sea of Azov. Beaches south of Sochi
have narrowed or disappeared altogether due to port construction. Remedial
action consisted in building of groins, submarine breakwaters and artificial
replenishment. At Odessa, only 52% of nourishment material was lost over a 7year span 25.
263
Elsewhere in Germany the century-old tradition of groin construction and
maintenance has been set aside in favor of nourishment. The method has been
followed on the shores of the Frisian Islands. The first attempt was made on
Northerner during the years 1951 and 1952, and followed up by a second, larger
scale, intervention in 195724 . From then on artificial accretion was used on
several beaches : in 1963, Baltrum in 1968, Borkum in 1969 and 1970, Langeoog
in 1971 and Westerland-Sylt in 1972, to name the earliest operations. None,
however, involved a volume of material as impressive as in Belgium.
3.2.4
France
In the Huttes area of the M6doc, a groin built in 1854 was rapidly broken up and
carried to sea. With an average retreat of the beach of 10 m/year (32.8 ft/yr), the
beach is artificially renourished and reprofiled each year. One of the earliest
beach renourishment schemes was undertaken near Cannes (France), on the
fashionable La Croisette Beach where 100,000 m 3 (353/400 cu.fl) were placed on
the beach during 1961-1962 (fig. 19).
3.2.5
Scheveningen, Netherlands
Westerly gales reduced the width of Scheveningen, The Netherlands' most
celebrated beach, to the extent that at high tide and under bad weather
conditions, the sea washed over and against the boulevard. Beach widening
became a necessity for both economic and safety reasons.
Here sand is dredged 20 km (12.4 mi) inland. The operating ship berths near the
pontoon whereupon a short pipeline ends. This pipeline is connected to the ship;
sand is pumped from pontoon to beach. At Goeree, in 1971, beach nourishment
works involved 600,000 m3 (787.500 cu.yd).
3.2.6
Former Soviet Union (Baltic and Black seas)
Various beach nourishment schemes have been implemented in the European
part of the former Soviet Union, for instance at Sochi, Sukhumi Bay, Gelendzhik
and Planerskoye (Black Sea), and on the Sea of Azov. Beaches south of Sochi
have narrowed or disappeared altogether due to port construction. Remedial
action consisted in building of groins, submarine breakwaters and artificial
replenishment. At Odessa, only 52% of nourishment material was lost over a 7year span 25.