2 Topography, Hydrography, Circulation and Modelling of the Baltic Sea
63
Lass H-U, Talpsepp L (1993) Observations of coastal jets in the Southern Baltic. Cont Shelf Res
13:189–203
Lehmann A (1995) A three-dimensional baroclinic eddy-resolving model of the Baltic Sea. Tellus
A 47:1013–1031
Lehmann A, Hinrichsen H-H (2000) On the thermohaline variability of the Baltic Sea. J Mar Syst
25:333–357
Lehmann A, Myrberg K (2008) Upwelling in the Baltic Sea—a review. J Mar Syst 74:S3–S12
Lehmann A, Krauss W, Hinrichsen H-H (2002) Effects of remote and local atmospheric forcing
on circulation and upwelling in the Baltic Sea. Tellus A 54:299–316
Lehmann A, Getzlaff K, Harlass J (2011) Detailed assessment of climate variability in the Baltic
Sea area for the period 1958 to 2009. Clim Res 46:185–196
Lehmann A, Myrberg K, Höflich K (2012) A statistical approach to coastal upwelling in the Baltic
Sea based on the analysis of satellite data for 1990–2009. Oceanologia 54:369–393
Leppäranta M (1990) Observations of free ice drift and currents in the Bay of Bothnia. Acta regiae
societatis scientiarum et litterarum Gothoburgensis. Geophysica 3:84–98
Leppäranta M (2010) The drift of sea ice. Springer Praxis, Berlin, 266 pp
Leppäranta M, Myrberg K (2009) Physical oceanography of the Baltic Sea. Springer Praxis, Berlin,
378 pp
Lindow H (1997) Experimentelle Simulationen windangeregter dynamischer Muster in hochauflösenden numerischen Modellen. Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte, No 22. Institut für Ostseeforschung, Warnemünde (in German)
Lu X, Soomere T, Stanev EV, Murawski J (2012) Identification of the environmentally safe fairway
in the South-Western Baltic Sea and Kattegat. Ocean Dyn 62:815–829
Mälkki P, Tamsalu R (1985) Physical features of the Baltic Sea. Finnish Marine Research, vol 252,
110 pp
Meier HEM (2006) Baltic Sea climate in late 21st century: a dynamical downscaling approach
using two global models and two emission scenarios. Clim Dyn 27:39–68
Meier HEM (2007) Modeling the pathways and ages of inflowing salt- and freshwater in the Baltic
Sea. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 74:610–627
Millero FJ, Feistel R, Wright DG, McDougall TJ (2008) The composition of standard seawater and
the definition of the reference-composition salinity scale. Deep-Sea Res I 55:50–72
Myrberg K, Andrejev O (2003) Main upwelling regions in the Baltic Sea—a statistical analysis
based on three-dimensional modelling. Boreal Environ Res 8:97–112
Myrberg K, Andrejev O (2006) Modelling of the circulation, water exchange and water age properties of the Gulf of Bothnia. Oceanologia 48(S):55–74
Myrberg K, Ryabchenko V, Isaev A, Vankevich R, Andrejev O, Bendtsen J, Erichsen A,
Funkquist L, Inkala A, Neelov I, Rasmus K, Rodriguez Medina M, Raudsepp U, Passenko J,
Söderkvist J, Sokolov A, Kuosa H, Anderson TR, Lehmann A, Skogen MD (2010) Validation
of three-dimensional hydrodynamic models in the Gulf of Finland based on a statistical analysis
of a six-model ensemble. Boreal Environ Res 15:453–479
Murthy R, Håkansson B, Alenius P (1993) The Gulf of Bothnia year 1991: physical transport
experiments. SMHI reports oceanography RO, vol 15. SMHI, Norrköping, 127 pp
Nekrasov AV (1999) Sharp contrasts in summer oceanographic conditions observed in LugaKoporye region in 1997 and 1998. BFU Res Bull 3:28–36
Nekrasov AV, Lebedeva IK (2002) Estimation of baroclinic Rossby radii in Luga-Koporye region.
BFU Res Bull 4–5:89–93
Omstedt A, Elken J, Lehmann A, Piechura J (2004) Knowledge of the Baltic Sea physics gained
during the BALTEX and related programmes. Prog Oceanogr 63:1–28
Osi´ nski R, Rak D, Walczowski W, Piechura J (2010) Baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation in
the southern Baltic Sea. Oceanologia 52:417–429
Palmén E (1930) Untersuchungen über die Strömungen in den Finnland umgebenden Meeren.
Commentationes physico-mathematicae, vol 12. Societas Scientarium Fennica, Helsinki
(in German)
63
Lass H-U, Talpsepp L (1993) Observations of coastal jets in the Southern Baltic. Cont Shelf Res
13:189–203
Lehmann A (1995) A three-dimensional baroclinic eddy-resolving model of the Baltic Sea. Tellus
A 47:1013–1031
Lehmann A, Hinrichsen H-H (2000) On the thermohaline variability of the Baltic Sea. J Mar Syst
25:333–357
Lehmann A, Myrberg K (2008) Upwelling in the Baltic Sea—a review. J Mar Syst 74:S3–S12
Lehmann A, Krauss W, Hinrichsen H-H (2002) Effects of remote and local atmospheric forcing
on circulation and upwelling in the Baltic Sea. Tellus A 54:299–316
Lehmann A, Getzlaff K, Harlass J (2011) Detailed assessment of climate variability in the Baltic
Sea area for the period 1958 to 2009. Clim Res 46:185–196
Lehmann A, Myrberg K, Höflich K (2012) A statistical approach to coastal upwelling in the Baltic
Sea based on the analysis of satellite data for 1990–2009. Oceanologia 54:369–393
Leppäranta M (1990) Observations of free ice drift and currents in the Bay of Bothnia. Acta regiae
societatis scientiarum et litterarum Gothoburgensis. Geophysica 3:84–98
Leppäranta M (2010) The drift of sea ice. Springer Praxis, Berlin, 266 pp
Leppäranta M, Myrberg K (2009) Physical oceanography of the Baltic Sea. Springer Praxis, Berlin,
378 pp
Lindow H (1997) Experimentelle Simulationen windangeregter dynamischer Muster in hochauflösenden numerischen Modellen. Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte, No 22. Institut für Ostseeforschung, Warnemünde (in German)
Lu X, Soomere T, Stanev EV, Murawski J (2012) Identification of the environmentally safe fairway
in the South-Western Baltic Sea and Kattegat. Ocean Dyn 62:815–829
Mälkki P, Tamsalu R (1985) Physical features of the Baltic Sea. Finnish Marine Research, vol 252,
110 pp
Meier HEM (2006) Baltic Sea climate in late 21st century: a dynamical downscaling approach
using two global models and two emission scenarios. Clim Dyn 27:39–68
Meier HEM (2007) Modeling the pathways and ages of inflowing salt- and freshwater in the Baltic
Sea. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 74:610–627
Millero FJ, Feistel R, Wright DG, McDougall TJ (2008) The composition of standard seawater and
the definition of the reference-composition salinity scale. Deep-Sea Res I 55:50–72
Myrberg K, Andrejev O (2003) Main upwelling regions in the Baltic Sea—a statistical analysis
based on three-dimensional modelling. Boreal Environ Res 8:97–112
Myrberg K, Andrejev O (2006) Modelling of the circulation, water exchange and water age properties of the Gulf of Bothnia. Oceanologia 48(S):55–74
Myrberg K, Ryabchenko V, Isaev A, Vankevich R, Andrejev O, Bendtsen J, Erichsen A,
Funkquist L, Inkala A, Neelov I, Rasmus K, Rodriguez Medina M, Raudsepp U, Passenko J,
Söderkvist J, Sokolov A, Kuosa H, Anderson TR, Lehmann A, Skogen MD (2010) Validation
of three-dimensional hydrodynamic models in the Gulf of Finland based on a statistical analysis
of a six-model ensemble. Boreal Environ Res 15:453–479
Murthy R, Håkansson B, Alenius P (1993) The Gulf of Bothnia year 1991: physical transport
experiments. SMHI reports oceanography RO, vol 15. SMHI, Norrköping, 127 pp
Nekrasov AV (1999) Sharp contrasts in summer oceanographic conditions observed in LugaKoporye region in 1997 and 1998. BFU Res Bull 3:28–36
Nekrasov AV, Lebedeva IK (2002) Estimation of baroclinic Rossby radii in Luga-Koporye region.
BFU Res Bull 4–5:89–93
Omstedt A, Elken J, Lehmann A, Piechura J (2004) Knowledge of the Baltic Sea physics gained
during the BALTEX and related programmes. Prog Oceanogr 63:1–28
Osi´ nski R, Rak D, Walczowski W, Piechura J (2010) Baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation in
the southern Baltic Sea. Oceanologia 52:417–429
Palmén E (1930) Untersuchungen über die Strömungen in den Finnland umgebenden Meeren.
Commentationes physico-mathematicae, vol 12. Societas Scientarium Fennica, Helsinki
(in German)