62
K. Myrberg and A. Lehmann
Döös K, Meier HEM, Döscher R (2004) The Baltic haline conveyor belt or the overturning circulation and mixing in the Baltic. Ambio 33:261–266
Drijfhout SS (1989) Eddy-genesis and the related heat transport: a parameter study. In: Nihoul JCJ,
Jamart BM (eds) Mesoscale/synoptic coherent structures in geophysical turbulence. Elsevier
oceanography series, vol 50, pp 245–263
Ekman VW (1905) On the influence of the earth’s rotation on ocean currents. Ark. Mat. Astron.
Fys. 2:1–52
Ekman M (1996) A consistent map of the postglacial uplift of Fennoscandia. Terra Nova 8:158–
165
Elken J, Matthäus W (2008) Physical system description. In: The BACC author team, assessment
of climate change for the Baltic Sea basin. Springer, Berlin, pp 379–386
Elken J, Raudsepp U, Lips U (2003) On the estuarine transport reversal in deep layers of the Gulf
of Finland. J Sea Res 49:267–274
Feistel G, Nausch G, Wasmund N (2008) State and evolution of the Baltic Sea, 1952–2005. Wiley,
Hoboken, 703 pp
Fennel W, Seifert T, Kayser B (1991) Rossby radii and phase speeds in the Baltic Sea. Cont Shelf
Res 11:23–36
Fennel W, Sturm M (1992) Dynamics of the western Baltic. J Mar Syst 3:183–205
Fonselius S (1995) Västerhavets och østersjöns oceanografi (Oceanography of the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and the Skagerrak). SMHI, Norrköping, 200 pp
Gustafsson T, Kullenberg B (1936) Untersuchungen vor Trägheitströmungen in der Ostsee (Investigations of inertial currents in the Baltic Sea). Sven Hydrogr-Biol Komm Skr, Ny Ser Hydr
13:1–28
Heinloo J, Toompuu A (2011) A modified Ekman layer model. Est J Earth Sci 60:123–129
Heinloo J, Toompuu A (2012) A modification of the classical Ekman model accounting for the
Stokes drifts and stratification effects. Environ Fluid Mech 12:101–113
Höglund A, Meier HEM, Broman B, Kriezi E (2009) Validation and correction of regionalised
ERA-40 wind fields over the Baltic Sea using the Rossby Centre Atmosphere Model RCA3.0.
Rapport Oceanografi No 97, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping,
Sweden, 29 pp
Holton JR (1979) An introduction to dynamic meteorology, 2nd edn. Academic Press, New York.
391 pp
IPCC (2007) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I
to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change Solomon S,
Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL (eds) Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 996 pp
Je ¸drasik J, Cie´ slikiewicz W, Kowalewski M, Bradtke K, Jankowski A (2008) 44 years hindcast of
the sea level and circulation in the Baltic Sea. Coast Eng 55:849–860
Johansson M, Kahma KK, Boman H, Launiainen J (2004) Scenarios for sea level on the Finnish
coast. Boreal Environ Res 9:153–166
Keevallik S, Soomere T (2010) Towards quantifying variations in wind parameters across the Gulf
of Finland. Est J Earth Sci 59:288–297
Kielmann J (1981) Grundlagen und Anwendung eines numerischen Modells der geschichteten
Ostsee (Principles and applications of a numerical model for the stratified Baltic Sea). PhD
thesis, Berichte aus dem, Institut für Meereskunde der Universität Kiel 87
Kuzin VI, Tamsalu R (1974) Vetrovye techeniya v baroklinnom more postoyannoy glubiny
(Wind-driven currents in a baroclinic sea of constant depth). In: Chislennye metody rascheta
okeanologicheskikh techeniy (Numerical methods for simulation of ocean currents), Novosibirsk, USSR, pp 103–114 (in Russian)
Laanemets J, Zhurbas V, Elken J, Vahtera E (2009) Dependence of upwelling-mediated nutrient
transport on wind forcing, bottom topography and stratification in the Gulf of Finland: model
experiments. Boreal Environ Res 14:213–225
Lagemaa P, Elken J, Kõuts T (2011) Operational sea level forecasting in Estonia. Est J Eng 17:301–
331
K. Myrberg and A. Lehmann
Döös K, Meier HEM, Döscher R (2004) The Baltic haline conveyor belt or the overturning circulation and mixing in the Baltic. Ambio 33:261–266
Drijfhout SS (1989) Eddy-genesis and the related heat transport: a parameter study. In: Nihoul JCJ,
Jamart BM (eds) Mesoscale/synoptic coherent structures in geophysical turbulence. Elsevier
oceanography series, vol 50, pp 245–263
Ekman VW (1905) On the influence of the earth’s rotation on ocean currents. Ark. Mat. Astron.
Fys. 2:1–52
Ekman M (1996) A consistent map of the postglacial uplift of Fennoscandia. Terra Nova 8:158–
165
Elken J, Matthäus W (2008) Physical system description. In: The BACC author team, assessment
of climate change for the Baltic Sea basin. Springer, Berlin, pp 379–386
Elken J, Raudsepp U, Lips U (2003) On the estuarine transport reversal in deep layers of the Gulf
of Finland. J Sea Res 49:267–274
Feistel G, Nausch G, Wasmund N (2008) State and evolution of the Baltic Sea, 1952–2005. Wiley,
Hoboken, 703 pp
Fennel W, Seifert T, Kayser B (1991) Rossby radii and phase speeds in the Baltic Sea. Cont Shelf
Res 11:23–36
Fennel W, Sturm M (1992) Dynamics of the western Baltic. J Mar Syst 3:183–205
Fonselius S (1995) Västerhavets och østersjöns oceanografi (Oceanography of the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and the Skagerrak). SMHI, Norrköping, 200 pp
Gustafsson T, Kullenberg B (1936) Untersuchungen vor Trägheitströmungen in der Ostsee (Investigations of inertial currents in the Baltic Sea). Sven Hydrogr-Biol Komm Skr, Ny Ser Hydr
13:1–28
Heinloo J, Toompuu A (2011) A modified Ekman layer model. Est J Earth Sci 60:123–129
Heinloo J, Toompuu A (2012) A modification of the classical Ekman model accounting for the
Stokes drifts and stratification effects. Environ Fluid Mech 12:101–113
Höglund A, Meier HEM, Broman B, Kriezi E (2009) Validation and correction of regionalised
ERA-40 wind fields over the Baltic Sea using the Rossby Centre Atmosphere Model RCA3.0.
Rapport Oceanografi No 97, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping,
Sweden, 29 pp
Holton JR (1979) An introduction to dynamic meteorology, 2nd edn. Academic Press, New York.
391 pp
IPCC (2007) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I
to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change Solomon S,
Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL (eds) Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 996 pp
Je ¸drasik J, Cie´ slikiewicz W, Kowalewski M, Bradtke K, Jankowski A (2008) 44 years hindcast of
the sea level and circulation in the Baltic Sea. Coast Eng 55:849–860
Johansson M, Kahma KK, Boman H, Launiainen J (2004) Scenarios for sea level on the Finnish
coast. Boreal Environ Res 9:153–166
Keevallik S, Soomere T (2010) Towards quantifying variations in wind parameters across the Gulf
of Finland. Est J Earth Sci 59:288–297
Kielmann J (1981) Grundlagen und Anwendung eines numerischen Modells der geschichteten
Ostsee (Principles and applications of a numerical model for the stratified Baltic Sea). PhD
thesis, Berichte aus dem, Institut für Meereskunde der Universität Kiel 87
Kuzin VI, Tamsalu R (1974) Vetrovye techeniya v baroklinnom more postoyannoy glubiny
(Wind-driven currents in a baroclinic sea of constant depth). In: Chislennye metody rascheta
okeanologicheskikh techeniy (Numerical methods for simulation of ocean currents), Novosibirsk, USSR, pp 103–114 (in Russian)
Laanemets J, Zhurbas V, Elken J, Vahtera E (2009) Dependence of upwelling-mediated nutrient
transport on wind forcing, bottom topography and stratification in the Gulf of Finland: model
experiments. Boreal Environ Res 14:213–225
Lagemaa P, Elken J, Kõuts T (2011) Operational sea level forecasting in Estonia. Est J Eng 17:301–
331