Index
423
Beta-effect, beta-plane, 43, 203, 214
Biharmonic friction, 110
Biodegradation, 376
Biogeochemical processes, state, model, 38,
117, 132, 149, 171, 192, 209
Biscay, Bay of, 137
Black Sea, 13, 21, 131–139, 142, 145–148,
151, 153–156, 158, 160, 163–166,
168–170
Black Sea inflow, 160
Black Sea water, 151
Blocking event (of flow), 147
Bloom, 142, 145
Boltzmann, Stefan, see Stefan Boltzmann
Bornholm, 332
Bornholm Basin, 34, 35, 55, 102, 118, 143,
150, 157, 161, 261, 287, 328, 399
Bornholm Channel, 55, 156, 157
Bornholm Deep, 55, 117
Bosphorus, see Bosporus
Bosporus, 145–147, 150–152
Bosporus plume, 152
Bosporus Straits, 133, 134, 141, 142, 145, 146,
151, 153, 161, 164
Bosporus undercurrent, 153
Boston Harbour, 10, 11, 17, 325
Bothnia
Bay of, 33, 34, 38, 50, 53, 118
Gulf of, 32, 34, 36, 37, 55, 117, 182, 193
Sea of, 34, 53, 55, 118, 158, 199, 284
Bottom drag coefficient, 48, 98, 111, 112
Bottom friction, 32, 42, 45, 48, 49, 51, 83, 93,
98, 111, 116, 141, 150, 151, 203,
216
Bottom roughness, 111
Bottom sediment, 2, 124
Bottom slope, 287, 289
Bottom stress, 98, 108, 379
Bottom water, 36, 37, 83, 117, 143, 144, 151,
183, 213
Boundary condition, 43, 48, 71, 72, 77, 78, 97,
98, 107, 109, 113, 114, 116, 117,
203, 233, 293, 295, 296, 331, 332,
340, 359, 379, 382
bottom, 97, 108, 232
flux, 110
free-slip, 97, 379
kinematic, 97, 98
lateral, 99, 107, 113
no-flux, 97, 99, 118
no-slip, 98, 107, 330
open, 59, 60, 99, 106, 113, 295, 329
Boundary layer, 89, 116
atmospheric planetary, 108
bottom, 92, 98
turbulent, 96
upper, 92
Boussinesq approximation, 41, 89, 106, 330,
379
Brackish (sea), 21, 35, 134
Brackish (water), 39, 84, 97, 188, 287, 288
Braer, 401
Breton National Wildlife Refuge, 2
Brownian motion, 375, 380
Brunt–Väisälä frequency, 111, 136, 155, 197
Bryan–Cox primitive equation model, 159
Bryan–Cox–Semtner type model, 106, 295,
329
BSHcmod model, 155, 378
Bulk formulae, 295
aerodynamic, 161, 165
empirical, 108, 114
Buoy, 59, 197, 212, 253, 254, 331, 334
Buoyancy, 92, 125, 135, 151, 153, 166, 183,
376, 386
neutral, 56, 189
Buoyancy current, 205, 214
Buoyancy effect, force, 150, 286, 376, 377
Buoyancy flux, 150, 164–166, 169, 170
haline, 165, 166, 169
thermal, 165, 166, 169
Buoyancy gradient, 204
Buoyancy–viscous regime, 376
C
Cádiz, Gulf of, 154
Calm conditions, 8, 38, 273, 286
Calm water speed, 397
Camarinal Sill, 148, 149
Cargo, 5, 10, 21, 283, 326, 348, 395
hazardous, 12, 102, 103
Cartesian coordinates, 87, 330, 336
Catchment area, 112, 114, 115, 132, 134, 185
Cauchy problem, 296
Celerity, 403
Central difference method, 75
Centrifugal force, 84
Centripetal acceleration, 87
CFD, see computational fluid dynamics, CFD
Characteristic current, 206
Chemical model, 151
Chemical oceanography, 200
Chemical processes with oil, 286, 375–377
Chemical warfare agents, 327
Chemicals, chemical pollution, 3, 103, 288,
319
Chernobyl, 377
Chlorofluorocarbons, CFC, 153
423
Beta-effect, beta-plane, 43, 203, 214
Biharmonic friction, 110
Biodegradation, 376
Biogeochemical processes, state, model, 38,
117, 132, 149, 171, 192, 209
Biscay, Bay of, 137
Black Sea, 13, 21, 131–139, 142, 145–148,
151, 153–156, 158, 160, 163–166,
168–170
Black Sea inflow, 160
Black Sea water, 151
Blocking event (of flow), 147
Bloom, 142, 145
Boltzmann, Stefan, see Stefan Boltzmann
Bornholm, 332
Bornholm Basin, 34, 35, 55, 102, 118, 143,
150, 157, 161, 261, 287, 328, 399
Bornholm Channel, 55, 156, 157
Bornholm Deep, 55, 117
Bosphorus, see Bosporus
Bosporus, 145–147, 150–152
Bosporus plume, 152
Bosporus Straits, 133, 134, 141, 142, 145, 146,
151, 153, 161, 164
Bosporus undercurrent, 153
Boston Harbour, 10, 11, 17, 325
Bothnia
Bay of, 33, 34, 38, 50, 53, 118
Gulf of, 32, 34, 36, 37, 55, 117, 182, 193
Sea of, 34, 53, 55, 118, 158, 199, 284
Bottom drag coefficient, 48, 98, 111, 112
Bottom friction, 32, 42, 45, 48, 49, 51, 83, 93,
98, 111, 116, 141, 150, 151, 203,
216
Bottom roughness, 111
Bottom sediment, 2, 124
Bottom slope, 287, 289
Bottom stress, 98, 108, 379
Bottom water, 36, 37, 83, 117, 143, 144, 151,
183, 213
Boundary condition, 43, 48, 71, 72, 77, 78, 97,
98, 107, 109, 113, 114, 116, 117,
203, 233, 293, 295, 296, 331, 332,
340, 359, 379, 382
bottom, 97, 108, 232
flux, 110
free-slip, 97, 379
kinematic, 97, 98
lateral, 99, 107, 113
no-flux, 97, 99, 118
no-slip, 98, 107, 330
open, 59, 60, 99, 106, 113, 295, 329
Boundary layer, 89, 116
atmospheric planetary, 108
bottom, 92, 98
turbulent, 96
upper, 92
Boussinesq approximation, 41, 89, 106, 330,
379
Brackish (sea), 21, 35, 134
Brackish (water), 39, 84, 97, 188, 287, 288
Braer, 401
Breton National Wildlife Refuge, 2
Brownian motion, 375, 380
Brunt–Väisälä frequency, 111, 136, 155, 197
Bryan–Cox primitive equation model, 159
Bryan–Cox–Semtner type model, 106, 295,
329
BSHcmod model, 155, 378
Bulk formulae, 295
aerodynamic, 161, 165
empirical, 108, 114
Buoy, 59, 197, 212, 253, 254, 331, 334
Buoyancy, 92, 125, 135, 151, 153, 166, 183,
376, 386
neutral, 56, 189
Buoyancy current, 205, 214
Buoyancy effect, force, 150, 286, 376, 377
Buoyancy flux, 150, 164–166, 169, 170
haline, 165, 166, 169
thermal, 165, 166, 169
Buoyancy gradient, 204
Buoyancy–viscous regime, 376
C
Cádiz, Gulf of, 154
Calm conditions, 8, 38, 273, 286
Calm water speed, 397
Camarinal Sill, 148, 149
Cargo, 5, 10, 21, 283, 326, 348, 395
hazardous, 12, 102, 103
Cartesian coordinates, 87, 330, 336
Catchment area, 112, 114, 115, 132, 134, 185
Cauchy problem, 296
Celerity, 403
Central difference method, 75
Centrifugal force, 84
Centripetal acceleration, 87
CFD, see computational fluid dynamics, CFD
Characteristic current, 206
Chemical model, 151
Chemical oceanography, 200
Chemical processes with oil, 286, 375–377
Chemical warfare agents, 327
Chemicals, chemical pollution, 3, 103, 288,
319
Chernobyl, 377
Chlorofluorocarbons, CFC, 153