CHAPTER 3 . Strategic Planning for Sustainable Development in Coastal Zone Regions
67
Clearly defined policy applications. To ensure that the NRA will be used by decisionmakers, the problems NRA will be used to address need to be identified from the outset. NRA need to be demand-driven to avoid becoming just an "accounting exercise".
Institutional leadership capacity. The construction and use ofNRA cuts across ministries and professional disciplines. While many ministries may support the construction of NRA, they may not see it as their primary responsibility. It is crucial to identify
a ministry which is viewed by other ministries as having responsibility for NRA and
which can provide effective leadership in coordinating inter-Ministerial participation
(as well as NGO/PVOs, international donors, etc.).
3.6
ReleYjlnce of Natural Resource Accounting to leZM
With ICZM, the planning challenge is always multi-sectoral and, at least in theory, is
based on a systems approach to understanding complex human and ecological interactions. In practice, however, a piecemeal, rather than systems approach has often prevailed, especially in the integration of economic and ecological phenomena. With growing pressure on coastal zones, largely the result of economic and population growth,
and the proliferation of coastal zone management efforts (Sorenson 1993), this approach
is increasingly unsatisfactory. NRA provide one approach to improve dramatically the
representation of economic system in ICZM. The NRA framework has special relevance
to ICZM because it provides a comprehensive analytical framework that can explicitly
represent the systems approach to the economy in a fair amount of detail.
To date, most NRA have been constructed for national economies though there have
been a few applications of this technique at the regional level (within a nation) for
watershed management and even at the village level. One of the major policy applications of NRA was to assist in the development of a management strategy of the
Chesapeake Bay in the USA (Grambsch et al. 1993). The work presented here for the
Indonesian economy could well be extended for any number of regions within Indonesia and provides a model for a formal, structured approach to linking ecological and
economic systems in a manner that is suitable for quantitative analysis.
References
Bartelmus P, Stahmer C, Uno K (eds) (1997) Environmental accounting in theory and practice. Kluwer
Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Duchin F, Lange G (1992) Indonesia: Development and the environment. Final Report to Intera Kenting
for Canadian International Development Agency, April
Duchin F, Lange G (1994) The future of the environment: Ecological economics and technological change.
Oxford University Press, New York
Duchin F, Szyld D (1985) A dynamic input-output model with assured positive output. Metroeconomica 37:269-82
Duchin F, Hamilton C, Lange G (1993) Environment and development in Indonesia: An input-output
analysis of natural resource issues. Report prepared for BAPPENAS (Indonesian Ministry of Planning) and the Natural Resource Management Ptoject of USAID, June
Grambsch A, Michaels RG, Peskin H (1993) Taking stock of nature: Environmental accounting for
Chesapeake Bay. In: Lutz E (ed) Toward improved accounting for the environment. World Bank,
Washington, DC
Hatziolos M, Lundin CG, AIm A (1996) Africa: A framework for integrated coastal zone management.
World Bank, Washington, DC
67
Clearly defined policy applications. To ensure that the NRA will be used by decisionmakers, the problems NRA will be used to address need to be identified from the outset. NRA need to be demand-driven to avoid becoming just an "accounting exercise".
Institutional leadership capacity. The construction and use ofNRA cuts across ministries and professional disciplines. While many ministries may support the construction of NRA, they may not see it as their primary responsibility. It is crucial to identify
a ministry which is viewed by other ministries as having responsibility for NRA and
which can provide effective leadership in coordinating inter-Ministerial participation
(as well as NGO/PVOs, international donors, etc.).
3.6
ReleYjlnce of Natural Resource Accounting to leZM
With ICZM, the planning challenge is always multi-sectoral and, at least in theory, is
based on a systems approach to understanding complex human and ecological interactions. In practice, however, a piecemeal, rather than systems approach has often prevailed, especially in the integration of economic and ecological phenomena. With growing pressure on coastal zones, largely the result of economic and population growth,
and the proliferation of coastal zone management efforts (Sorenson 1993), this approach
is increasingly unsatisfactory. NRA provide one approach to improve dramatically the
representation of economic system in ICZM. The NRA framework has special relevance
to ICZM because it provides a comprehensive analytical framework that can explicitly
represent the systems approach to the economy in a fair amount of detail.
To date, most NRA have been constructed for national economies though there have
been a few applications of this technique at the regional level (within a nation) for
watershed management and even at the village level. One of the major policy applications of NRA was to assist in the development of a management strategy of the
Chesapeake Bay in the USA (Grambsch et al. 1993). The work presented here for the
Indonesian economy could well be extended for any number of regions within Indonesia and provides a model for a formal, structured approach to linking ecological and
economic systems in a manner that is suitable for quantitative analysis.
References
Bartelmus P, Stahmer C, Uno K (eds) (1997) Environmental accounting in theory and practice. Kluwer
Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Duchin F, Lange G (1992) Indonesia: Development and the environment. Final Report to Intera Kenting
for Canadian International Development Agency, April
Duchin F, Lange G (1994) The future of the environment: Ecological economics and technological change.
Oxford University Press, New York
Duchin F, Szyld D (1985) A dynamic input-output model with assured positive output. Metroeconomica 37:269-82
Duchin F, Hamilton C, Lange G (1993) Environment and development in Indonesia: An input-output
analysis of natural resource issues. Report prepared for BAPPENAS (Indonesian Ministry of Planning) and the Natural Resource Management Ptoject of USAID, June
Grambsch A, Michaels RG, Peskin H (1993) Taking stock of nature: Environmental accounting for
Chesapeake Bay. In: Lutz E (ed) Toward improved accounting for the environment. World Bank,
Washington, DC
Hatziolos M, Lundin CG, AIm A (1996) Africa: A framework for integrated coastal zone management.
World Bank, Washington, DC