CHAPTER 19 • Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Sweden
munication in radically different ways. But it is clear that its effectiveness depends on
good communication, coordination and integration between the various institutions
and coastal users. The importance of this is underestimated, leading to dissatisfaction
with the more traditional public intervention in social affairs.
The type of governance most likely to succeed is one in which the complexity and dynamics of the biophysical and social processes are a part of the problem definition and
potential solution. This can be achieved through three interdependent ways. One is by starting from the reality of the world as a complex situation. The second is to start from an
integrated point of view. If internalized social rules are the basic instrument, then these
rules should be at the centre of policies and other instruments should integrate and support them. Third is to formulate governance approach in terms of interaction levels. "The
governance approach stresses that prevention, implementation, steering and control in such
areas d~mand continuous interactions between participants on different levels with
different responsibilities and different, but interdependent tasks" (McGlade n.d.).
An analytical framework for governance of common pool resources includes three
aspects: How is successful governance achieved and measured? How complex are the
issues? What tools are available for dealing with the issue? Governance of the environment covers the coastal zone resources themselves, their sustainable development and
the economic and sociocultural spheres of influence. The complexity of each determines the degree of complexity that governance will have to cope with. Once the goals
and complexity of the problem have been assessed, the possible solutions are constrained by the institutional structures and tools available. The structures range from
individuals to international bodies.
The success of a governance framework can be assessed in terms of goals, systematic
structures and institutional constraints. In many regions the degradation of coastal resources has been the result of poor governance. Coastal management regimes based solely
on a partnership between government and sector specific groups may eventually cause
environmental degrad~tion. It is therefore appropriate to involve the community and include also .the non-specific sectors. In this way conflicts and over-extension of influence
can be avoided, a more open system of communication may emerge. Participatory management in coastal regions will create a better understanding of the role that communities play. And it will generate information on the resource base itself (McGlade n.d.).
19.3.5
Integrated Management Process
Effective and sustainable coastal management, a contradictory notion possibly, depends
on integrating relevant information, agencies and decision -making processes. The process of integrated management (OECD 1993b) involves a detailed inventory and assessment (information and analysis) to produce the data to assist policy development and
implementation, coordinated analysis to idqntify the criteria established for decisionmaking, and then the modification of plans necessary, coordination of policy formulation to eliminate conflicting policies, implementation, monitoring and evaluation
mechanisms and allocating responsibilities. To work this out in detail involves administrative and political coordination processes and the creation of the institutional
mechanisms, information (analysis and planning), a reassessment of present policies,
legislation, and the allocation of administrative responsibilities, the preparation of al-
munication in radically different ways. But it is clear that its effectiveness depends on
good communication, coordination and integration between the various institutions
and coastal users. The importance of this is underestimated, leading to dissatisfaction
with the more traditional public intervention in social affairs.
The type of governance most likely to succeed is one in which the complexity and dynamics of the biophysical and social processes are a part of the problem definition and
potential solution. This can be achieved through three interdependent ways. One is by starting from the reality of the world as a complex situation. The second is to start from an
integrated point of view. If internalized social rules are the basic instrument, then these
rules should be at the centre of policies and other instruments should integrate and support them. Third is to formulate governance approach in terms of interaction levels. "The
governance approach stresses that prevention, implementation, steering and control in such
areas d~mand continuous interactions between participants on different levels with
different responsibilities and different, but interdependent tasks" (McGlade n.d.).
An analytical framework for governance of common pool resources includes three
aspects: How is successful governance achieved and measured? How complex are the
issues? What tools are available for dealing with the issue? Governance of the environment covers the coastal zone resources themselves, their sustainable development and
the economic and sociocultural spheres of influence. The complexity of each determines the degree of complexity that governance will have to cope with. Once the goals
and complexity of the problem have been assessed, the possible solutions are constrained by the institutional structures and tools available. The structures range from
individuals to international bodies.
The success of a governance framework can be assessed in terms of goals, systematic
structures and institutional constraints. In many regions the degradation of coastal resources has been the result of poor governance. Coastal management regimes based solely
on a partnership between government and sector specific groups may eventually cause
environmental degrad~tion. It is therefore appropriate to involve the community and include also .the non-specific sectors. In this way conflicts and over-extension of influence
can be avoided, a more open system of communication may emerge. Participatory management in coastal regions will create a better understanding of the role that communities play. And it will generate information on the resource base itself (McGlade n.d.).
19.3.5
Integrated Management Process
Effective and sustainable coastal management, a contradictory notion possibly, depends
on integrating relevant information, agencies and decision -making processes. The process of integrated management (OECD 1993b) involves a detailed inventory and assessment (information and analysis) to produce the data to assist policy development and
implementation, coordinated analysis to idqntify the criteria established for decisionmaking, and then the modification of plans necessary, coordination of policy formulation to eliminate conflicting policies, implementation, monitoring and evaluation
mechanisms and allocating responsibilities. To work this out in detail involves administrative and political coordination processes and the creation of the institutional
mechanisms, information (analysis and planning), a reassessment of present policies,
legislation, and the allocation of administrative responsibilities, the preparation of al-