CHAPTER 18 • Management of Tokyo Bay
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2. make and enforce rules and regulations to achieve the management purposes,
3. establish water quality standards, discharge standards, input standards, performance
standards,
4. impose effluent charges,
5. monitor activities and impose sanctions for non-compliance,
6. conduct and/or organize research activities, with public and private entities,
7. collect, interpret, and analyze data,
8. disseminate information, including results of research activities, and
9. provide a continual evaluation of various elements of the plan, of the activities of
users of the bay, and of the performance of the agency itself.
It should be emphasized that the overall agency need not, and should not, perform
all of the tasks required to manage Tokyo Bay. Existing agencies have expertize, for
example with respect to marine shipping and fisheries, so that there is no need to duplicate carrying out of tasks. What is essential for integrated management, which the
overall agency could provide are:
1. the development and continual updating of a comprehensive management action
program,
2. the mechanism for integrating activities of public and private entities with respect
to, for example, developing standard procedures for measuring ambient water quality, measuring discharges, monitoring activities of commercial and recreational fishers, developing coherent research programs with respect to various management
problems,
3. a focus for public participation in the decision process, and
4. a review and veto function to ensure that any project proposed by public or private entities is consistent with the comprehensive plan adopted by all parties at interest.
However, under the present situation, the establishment of a single comprehensive
agency may not be politically feasible. A second option, which is more feasible politically, would be to establish an inter-prefectural agency to integrate the policies and
programs of prefectural and municipal governments. The agency would be empowered to recommend individual or joint measures to be undertaken by prefectural and/
or municipal governments. Such measures should be based on the results of integrated
research and data collection activities about, and analysis of, the marine environment
and resources of Tokyo Bay. Joint task forces consisting of staff of the agency and staff
from the agencies of the prefectural and municipal governments and from the private
sector could be established to work on particular problems and to develop and maintain the overall plan.
Such an inter-prefectural agency has been established in an embryonic form with
respect to one specific problem. In 1979, the "Liaison Meeting for Secondary Pollution
Problems in Tokyo Bay" was established by Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama Prefectures and Yokohama and Kawasaki Cities. A related entity, the "Liaison Meeting for
Measures against Eutrophication in Tokyo Bay" was established in the following year.
This latter entity initiated exchange of information about the degradation of water
quality by eutrophication and stimulated joint research activities on the mechanisms
351
2. make and enforce rules and regulations to achieve the management purposes,
3. establish water quality standards, discharge standards, input standards, performance
standards,
4. impose effluent charges,
5. monitor activities and impose sanctions for non-compliance,
6. conduct and/or organize research activities, with public and private entities,
7. collect, interpret, and analyze data,
8. disseminate information, including results of research activities, and
9. provide a continual evaluation of various elements of the plan, of the activities of
users of the bay, and of the performance of the agency itself.
It should be emphasized that the overall agency need not, and should not, perform
all of the tasks required to manage Tokyo Bay. Existing agencies have expertize, for
example with respect to marine shipping and fisheries, so that there is no need to duplicate carrying out of tasks. What is essential for integrated management, which the
overall agency could provide are:
1. the development and continual updating of a comprehensive management action
program,
2. the mechanism for integrating activities of public and private entities with respect
to, for example, developing standard procedures for measuring ambient water quality, measuring discharges, monitoring activities of commercial and recreational fishers, developing coherent research programs with respect to various management
problems,
3. a focus for public participation in the decision process, and
4. a review and veto function to ensure that any project proposed by public or private entities is consistent with the comprehensive plan adopted by all parties at interest.
However, under the present situation, the establishment of a single comprehensive
agency may not be politically feasible. A second option, which is more feasible politically, would be to establish an inter-prefectural agency to integrate the policies and
programs of prefectural and municipal governments. The agency would be empowered to recommend individual or joint measures to be undertaken by prefectural and/
or municipal governments. Such measures should be based on the results of integrated
research and data collection activities about, and analysis of, the marine environment
and resources of Tokyo Bay. Joint task forces consisting of staff of the agency and staff
from the agencies of the prefectural and municipal governments and from the private
sector could be established to work on particular problems and to develop and maintain the overall plan.
Such an inter-prefectural agency has been established in an embryonic form with
respect to one specific problem. In 1979, the "Liaison Meeting for Secondary Pollution
Problems in Tokyo Bay" was established by Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama Prefectures and Yokohama and Kawasaki Cities. A related entity, the "Liaison Meeting for
Measures against Eutrophication in Tokyo Bay" was established in the following year.
This latter entity initiated exchange of information about the degradation of water
quality by eutrophication and stimulated joint research activities on the mechanisms