350
K. Takao . B. T. Bower
inflammable, explosive and toxic substances in coastal areas of the bay. Such facilities
as petroleum refineries, chemical plants, LNG and LPG tank farms, are potential hazards to life and property, especially during earthquakes.
In addition, limited public access to the shorelines and water of Tokyo Bay, and reduction of amenities, are critical concerns of citizens. Although large concentrations
of people now live close to the water, they are predominantly shut off from it. Heavy
industries still dominate most of the shoreline of Tokyo Bay. Yet, with the continuing
increase in per capita income and increase in leisure time, residents of the region are
seeking more opportunities for various types of water-based recreation. The bay and
its shoreline offer particularly important opportunities for recreation developments
in, and near to, densely populated urban areas. Demands for new recreation opportunities such as shoreline parks, fishing piers and beaches, hiking and bicycling pathways, are expected to increase at an increasing rate.
Clearly, it is not an easy task to ensure that the public shoreline recreational
space desired for the projected increase in population and recreational demand
will in fact be available. The present trend is toward further development in the bay.
Ministries and agencies of the central government and prefectural and municipal
governments contemplate, and are implementing, more land reclamation projects.
Thus, it is clear that the above objective, and the objective of rational use of the bay,
will not be achieved unless there is a new institutional arrangement for management
of the bay.
18.4.1
New Institutional Arrangements for Management of Tokyo Bay
The existing institutional milieu has led to a general lack of ability to deal effectively
with new problems arising from rapid economic and technological developments and
from changing cQncerns of society. Therefore, in order to:
1. recover and maintain the health of the marine environment, especially the living
marine resources of Tokyo Bay,
2. be able to decide among competing demands about the mix of uses to be made of
the bay, and
3. be able to integrate the various tasks of management, both a new philosophy and
some new or modified institutional arrangements must be devised for management
of Tokyo Bay.
The new philosophy must be introduced and adopted to intplement a comprehensive and an integrated approach to management of Tokyo Bay. Following are three suggested institutional arrangements for moving in this direction.
One option would be for the Japanese Diet to establish an overall, comprehensive
agency to direct the diverse functions involved in managing the marine environment
and the resources of the bay, in relation to the competing demands on the bay. That
agency might be given responsibility to:
1. develop, and continually update, a comprehensive plan for managing the marine
environment and resources,
K. Takao . B. T. Bower
inflammable, explosive and toxic substances in coastal areas of the bay. Such facilities
as petroleum refineries, chemical plants, LNG and LPG tank farms, are potential hazards to life and property, especially during earthquakes.
In addition, limited public access to the shorelines and water of Tokyo Bay, and reduction of amenities, are critical concerns of citizens. Although large concentrations
of people now live close to the water, they are predominantly shut off from it. Heavy
industries still dominate most of the shoreline of Tokyo Bay. Yet, with the continuing
increase in per capita income and increase in leisure time, residents of the region are
seeking more opportunities for various types of water-based recreation. The bay and
its shoreline offer particularly important opportunities for recreation developments
in, and near to, densely populated urban areas. Demands for new recreation opportunities such as shoreline parks, fishing piers and beaches, hiking and bicycling pathways, are expected to increase at an increasing rate.
Clearly, it is not an easy task to ensure that the public shoreline recreational
space desired for the projected increase in population and recreational demand
will in fact be available. The present trend is toward further development in the bay.
Ministries and agencies of the central government and prefectural and municipal
governments contemplate, and are implementing, more land reclamation projects.
Thus, it is clear that the above objective, and the objective of rational use of the bay,
will not be achieved unless there is a new institutional arrangement for management
of the bay.
18.4.1
New Institutional Arrangements for Management of Tokyo Bay
The existing institutional milieu has led to a general lack of ability to deal effectively
with new problems arising from rapid economic and technological developments and
from changing cQncerns of society. Therefore, in order to:
1. recover and maintain the health of the marine environment, especially the living
marine resources of Tokyo Bay,
2. be able to decide among competing demands about the mix of uses to be made of
the bay, and
3. be able to integrate the various tasks of management, both a new philosophy and
some new or modified institutional arrangements must be devised for management
of Tokyo Bay.
The new philosophy must be introduced and adopted to intplement a comprehensive and an integrated approach to management of Tokyo Bay. Following are three suggested institutional arrangements for moving in this direction.
One option would be for the Japanese Diet to establish an overall, comprehensive
agency to direct the diverse functions involved in managing the marine environment
and the resources of the bay, in relation to the competing demands on the bay. That
agency might be given responsibility to:
1. develop, and continually update, a comprehensive plan for managing the marine
environment and resources,