CHAPTER 18 • Management of Tokyo Bay
345
process. To achieve an additional 20 % reduction in COD discharges with the LW-l
policy required the addition of a flocculation-filtration system to the activated
sludge process. The cost of this system was estimated to be 20% of the cost of the
activated sludge system.
The LW-2 policy requires industrial operations to achieve a 50% reduction in
discharge of COD and a 50% reduction in discharge of DIN. The incremental cost
to achieve an additional 30% reduction in COD discharge was estimated to be
1.5 times the LW-l increment. It was estimated, based on a study by Tokyo Metropolitan government, that capital and operation/maintenance costs for reduction
of DIN discharge for the industrial discharges would be 25 billion yen and
1.2 billion yen, respectively. The costs to STPs and industrial activities to meet the
various scenario-policy combinations are shown in Table 18.8.
Table 18.8. Estimated incremental costs to meet scenario-LW policy combinations, ca. 2000
LWpolicy
Scenario 5-1
Scenario 5-2
LW-1
LW-2
LW-1
LW-2
Capital costs
STPs
0
265
0
272
Industrial activities
107
292
107
292
Total capital costs
107
557
107
564
Annualized capital costs a
"
56
11
56
Operation and maintance costs
STPs
0
7
0
7
Industrial activities
5
14
5
14
Total operation and maintance costs
5
21
5
21
Total annualized costs
16
77
16
77
All values in 10 9 1980 yen.
a At capital recovery factor of 0.1. representing approximately 7.75% at 20 years.
Table 18.9. Estimated costs for development and maintenance of beaches, piers, and related facilities
for water-based recreation, under R-l and R-2 policies, ca. 2000
Item
Recreation policy
R-1
R-2
Lenght of shore (km)
2.2
8.6
Lenght of piers (km)
2
99
Total length (km)a
4.2
107.6
Capital costs (10 9 yen)
9
74
Annualized capital costs (1 0 9 yen)b
0.9
7.4
Operation and maintance costs (10 9 yen)C
0.4
10.8
Total annualized costs (10 9 yen)
1.3
18.2
All costs in 10 9 1980 yen.
a Totallenght = increment to R-O conditions.
b At capital recove~ factor of 0.1. representing approximately 7.75% at 20 years.
C Based on 0.1 x 10 yen per km/year.
345
process. To achieve an additional 20 % reduction in COD discharges with the LW-l
policy required the addition of a flocculation-filtration system to the activated
sludge process. The cost of this system was estimated to be 20% of the cost of the
activated sludge system.
The LW-2 policy requires industrial operations to achieve a 50% reduction in
discharge of COD and a 50% reduction in discharge of DIN. The incremental cost
to achieve an additional 30% reduction in COD discharge was estimated to be
1.5 times the LW-l increment. It was estimated, based on a study by Tokyo Metropolitan government, that capital and operation/maintenance costs for reduction
of DIN discharge for the industrial discharges would be 25 billion yen and
1.2 billion yen, respectively. The costs to STPs and industrial activities to meet the
various scenario-policy combinations are shown in Table 18.8.
Table 18.8. Estimated incremental costs to meet scenario-LW policy combinations, ca. 2000
LWpolicy
Scenario 5-1
Scenario 5-2
LW-1
LW-2
LW-1
LW-2
Capital costs
STPs
0
265
0
272
Industrial activities
107
292
107
292
Total capital costs
107
557
107
564
Annualized capital costs a
"
56
11
56
Operation and maintance costs
STPs
0
7
0
7
Industrial activities
5
14
5
14
Total operation and maintance costs
5
21
5
21
Total annualized costs
16
77
16
77
All values in 10 9 1980 yen.
a At capital recovery factor of 0.1. representing approximately 7.75% at 20 years.
Table 18.9. Estimated costs for development and maintenance of beaches, piers, and related facilities
for water-based recreation, under R-l and R-2 policies, ca. 2000
Item
Recreation policy
R-1
R-2
Lenght of shore (km)
2.2
8.6
Lenght of piers (km)
2
99
Total length (km)a
4.2
107.6
Capital costs (10 9 yen)
9
74
Annualized capital costs (1 0 9 yen)b
0.9
7.4
Operation and maintance costs (10 9 yen)C
0.4
10.8
Total annualized costs (10 9 yen)
1.3
18.2
All costs in 10 9 1980 yen.
a Totallenght = increment to R-O conditions.
b At capital recove~ factor of 0.1. representing approximately 7.75% at 20 years.
C Based on 0.1 x 10 yen per km/year.