State
214
S. Ramachandran
that India has lost 37% of mangrove forests between the years 1987 and 1994. According to
the recent data from the Space Applications Centre, mangrove areas are only 3 960 km.
11.3.2.1
Disposal of Domestic Waste
Domestic wastes are discharged mostly in untreated conditions due to lack of treatment facilities in most of the cities and towns (Ramachandran et al. 1991). It has been
estimated that approximately 18.24 million I d- 1 ) of domestic waste water reaches the
coastal waters of the country (Department of Ocean Development Report 1996).
11.3.2.2
Industrial Wastes
India is one of largest industrialized nations in the world. Major industrial cities and
towns of the country such as Surat, Bombay, Cochin, Madras, Vishakapatnam and
Calcutta are situated on or near the coastline. The estimated total quantity of waste
discharged by these industries is estimated to be approximately 700 million m 3 •
(DOD 1996). The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has recently compiled a report on the pollution potential of the industries in coastal areas of India (CPCB 1996).
The data from this report are presented in Table 11.3.
Table 11.3. Pollution potentials of coastal industries (Source: Ministry of Environment and Forests 1994)
Number of ETP
N°ETP Effluent qty. Discharge Solid waste Discharge
industries provided
(106 m 3 /day) Type
qty.(MT/d) type
Gujarat
35
34
0.566
ID(32)
9506
LF/D/I
D(3)
Maharashtra
167
150
17
0.08
ID(130)
2628
LF/D/I
D(37)
Goa
2
2
0.012
ID(2)
1.4
n.a.
Karnataka
3
3
0.043
ID(2)
76
D/I
D (1)
Kerala
26
26
0.151
ID(19)
2431
LF/D/I
D(7)
Tarnilnadu
30
29
0.125
ID(12)
9112
DillS
D (18)
Aquafarrns
20
(untreated 90%)
0.253
D(20)
D
Pondicherry
4
4
0.006
D(4)
1.25
LF/S
Andhra Pradesh
30
29
0.35
ID(26)
7191
LF/D/I
D(4)
Aquafarms
88
(untreated 100%)
2.116
ID(46)
D
D(42)
Orissa
4
4
0.001
ID(4)
3505
n.a.
Aquafarms
20
(untreated 100%)
D
D
West Bengal
7
7
0.022
ID (7)
25
LF
Aquafarrns
10
(untreated 100%)
D
D
10 Indirect, 0 Direct, LF Land Filling, 0 Durnping, 1 Incineration, 5 $'tored, n.a. Not Available, ETP Effluent Treatment Plant.
214
S. Ramachandran
that India has lost 37% of mangrove forests between the years 1987 and 1994. According to
the recent data from the Space Applications Centre, mangrove areas are only 3 960 km.
11.3.2.1
Disposal of Domestic Waste
Domestic wastes are discharged mostly in untreated conditions due to lack of treatment facilities in most of the cities and towns (Ramachandran et al. 1991). It has been
estimated that approximately 18.24 million I d- 1 ) of domestic waste water reaches the
coastal waters of the country (Department of Ocean Development Report 1996).
11.3.2.2
Industrial Wastes
India is one of largest industrialized nations in the world. Major industrial cities and
towns of the country such as Surat, Bombay, Cochin, Madras, Vishakapatnam and
Calcutta are situated on or near the coastline. The estimated total quantity of waste
discharged by these industries is estimated to be approximately 700 million m 3 •
(DOD 1996). The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has recently compiled a report on the pollution potential of the industries in coastal areas of India (CPCB 1996).
The data from this report are presented in Table 11.3.
Table 11.3. Pollution potentials of coastal industries (Source: Ministry of Environment and Forests 1994)
Number of ETP
N°ETP Effluent qty. Discharge Solid waste Discharge
industries provided
(106 m 3 /day) Type
qty.(MT/d) type
Gujarat
35
34
0.566
ID(32)
9506
LF/D/I
D(3)
Maharashtra
167
150
17
0.08
ID(130)
2628
LF/D/I
D(37)
Goa
2
2
0.012
ID(2)
1.4
n.a.
Karnataka
3
3
0.043
ID(2)
76
D/I
D (1)
Kerala
26
26
0.151
ID(19)
2431
LF/D/I
D(7)
Tarnilnadu
30
29
0.125
ID(12)
9112
DillS
D (18)
Aquafarrns
20
(untreated 90%)
0.253
D(20)
D
Pondicherry
4
4
0.006
D(4)
1.25
LF/S
Andhra Pradesh
30
29
0.35
ID(26)
7191
LF/D/I
D(4)
Aquafarms
88
(untreated 100%)
2.116
ID(46)
D
D(42)
Orissa
4
4
0.001
ID(4)
3505
n.a.
Aquafarms
20
(untreated 100%)
D
D
West Bengal
7
7
0.022
ID (7)
25
LF
Aquafarrns
10
(untreated 100%)
D
D
10 Indirect, 0 Direct, LF Land Filling, 0 Durnping, 1 Incineration, 5 $'tored, n.a. Not Available, ETP Effluent Treatment Plant.