Table 3
Example of the costs of restoration projects performed in different countries
Action/
mechanism
Goals of
restoration
actions
Country
Area/
volume
restored
Year
Reference Funding
Agency
CPI
PPP
country
studied
2010
$US(2010) Units
Removing pine
trees
Protect native
Maritime
Juniper
Woodlands in
Andalusia
Spain
50 ha
20022006
MuñozReinoso
et al.
Government 103.517792 0.719016464 1,545,628 USD/
ha
Creating artificial
dune; planting
native
vegetation
Recreation and
protection
Denmark
500 ha
1978
Vestergaard Government 33.5947391 7.959994283 77,393
USD/
ha
Elimination of
exotics
Restore mobility
and diversity
of native flora
USA
327 ha
1998
Pickart
Government/
volunteers
83.46917
1
65,293
USD/
ha
Sod cutting
Restore mobility
and diversity
of native flora
Netherlands 6 ha
last 20
years
Grootjans
et al.
Government 107.939317 0.838259729 29,414
USD/
ha
Restoration
(grazing, sod
cutting,
rewetting, remobilization)
Restore mobility
and diversity
of native flora
Netherlands 100 ha
1993
Grootjans
et al.
Government 75.9065759 0.838259729 12,053
USD/
ha
Yearly
maintenance
costs of created
dune
Recreation and
protection
Denmark
500 ha
1986
Vestergaard Government 62.7957965 7.959994283 2,229
USD/
ha
Re-mobilization/,
monitoring
Restore mobility
and diversity
of native flora
New
Zealand
150m
shoreline
2011
Hesp and
Hilton
Government 115.252411 1
1,123
USD/
m
(continued)
18 The Coasts and Their Costs
297