References
Adema EB, Grootjans AP, Petersen J, Grijpstra J (2002) Alternative stable states in a wet
calcareous dune slack in the Netherlands. J Veg Sci 13:107–144
Adema EB, Van de Koppel J, Meyer HAJ, Grootjans AP (2005) Enhanced nitrogen loss may
explain alternative stable states in dune slack succession. Oikos 109:374–386
Arens SM, Geelen LHWT (2006) Dune landscape rejuvenation by intended destabilisation in the
Amsterdam Water Supply Dunes. J Coast Res 22:1094–1107
Bobbink R, Hornung M, Roelofs JGM (1998) The effects of air-borne nitrogen pollutants on
species diversity in natural and semi-natural vegetation: a review. J Ecol 86:717–738
Clarke D, Sanitwong Na Ayuthaya S (2010) Predicted effects of climate change, vegetation and
tree cover on dune slack habitats at Ainsdale on the Sefton Coast, UK. J Coast Cons
14:115–126
Gerlach A, Albers EA, Broedlin W (1994) Development of the nitrogen cycle in the soils of a
coastal dune succession. Acta Bot Neerl 43:189–203
Grootjans AP, Grootjans AP, Everts FH, Fresco LF (2001) Restoration of wet dune slacks on the
Dutch Wadden Sea Islands: recolonization after large-scale sod cutting. Restor Ecol
9:137–146
Grootjans AP, Geelen L, Jansen AJM, Lammerts EJ (2002) Restoration of coastal dune slacks.
Hydrobiologia 478:181–203
Grootjans A, Adema E, Bekker R, Lammerts E (2004) Why coastal dune slacks sustain a high
biodiversity. In: Martinez ML, Psuty NP (eds) Coastal dunes: ecology and conservation.
Ecological studies, vol 117. Springer, Berlin, pp 85–101
Jansen AJM, Bekker RM, Bobbink R, Bouwman JH, Van Dobben H, Van Duinen GA, Wallis de
Vries MF (2009) Efficiency of restoration measures in the framework of EGM for Red List
species (1990–2009; in Dutch). Report DKI nr 2010/dk137O, Ede, NL, 222 pp
Jones MLM, Reynolds B, Brittain SA, Norris DA, Rhind PM, Jones RE (2006) Complex
hydrological controls on wet dune slacks: the importance of local variability. Sci Total
Environ 372:266–277
Kooijman AM, Besse M (2002) On the higher availability of N and P in lime-poor than in limerich coastal dunes in the Netherlands. J Ecol 90:394–403
Kooijman AM, Hedenäs L (2009) Changes in nutrient availability from calcareous to acid
wetland habitats with closely related brown moss species: increase instead of decrease in N
and P. Plant Soil 324:267–278
Kooijman AM, Dopheide J, Sevink J, Takken I, Verstraten JM (1998) Nutrient limitation and
their implications on the effects of atmospheric deposition in coastal dunes: lime-poor and
lime-rich sites in the Netherlands. J Ecol 86:511–526
Kooijman AM, Lubbers I, Van Til M (2009) Iron-rich dune grasslands: relations between soil
organic matter and sorption of Fe and P. Environ Pollut 157:3158–3165
Lamers LPM, Smolders AJP, Roelofs JGM (2002) The restoration of fens in the Netherlands.
Hydrobiologia 478:107–130
Lammerts EJ, Pegtel DM, Grootjans AP, Van der Veen A (1999) Nutrient limitation and
vegetation change in a coastal dune slack. J Veg Sci 10:11–122
Munoz-Reinoso JC (2001) Vegetation changes and groundwater abstraction in SW Doñana,
Spain. J Hydrol 242:197–209
Ozinga WA, Römermann C, Bekker RM, Prinzing A, Tamis WLM, Schaminée JHJ, Hennekens
SM, Thompson K, Poschlod P, Kleyer M, Bakker JP, van Groenendael JM (2009) Dispersal
failure contributes to plant losses in NW Europe. Ecol Lett 12:66–74
Provoost S, Laurence M, Jones M, Edmondson SE (2009) Changes in landscape and vegetation of
coastal dunes in northwest Europe: a review. J Coast Cons 15:207–226
Remke E, Brouwer E, Kooijman AM, Blindow I, Esselink H, Roelofs JGM (2009) Even low to
medium nitrogen deposition impacts vegetation of dry coastal dunes around the Baltic Sea.
Environ Pollut 157:792–800
252
A. P. Grootjans et al.
Adema EB, Grootjans AP, Petersen J, Grijpstra J (2002) Alternative stable states in a wet
calcareous dune slack in the Netherlands. J Veg Sci 13:107–144
Adema EB, Van de Koppel J, Meyer HAJ, Grootjans AP (2005) Enhanced nitrogen loss may
explain alternative stable states in dune slack succession. Oikos 109:374–386
Arens SM, Geelen LHWT (2006) Dune landscape rejuvenation by intended destabilisation in the
Amsterdam Water Supply Dunes. J Coast Res 22:1094–1107
Bobbink R, Hornung M, Roelofs JGM (1998) The effects of air-borne nitrogen pollutants on
species diversity in natural and semi-natural vegetation: a review. J Ecol 86:717–738
Clarke D, Sanitwong Na Ayuthaya S (2010) Predicted effects of climate change, vegetation and
tree cover on dune slack habitats at Ainsdale on the Sefton Coast, UK. J Coast Cons
14:115–126
Gerlach A, Albers EA, Broedlin W (1994) Development of the nitrogen cycle in the soils of a
coastal dune succession. Acta Bot Neerl 43:189–203
Grootjans AP, Grootjans AP, Everts FH, Fresco LF (2001) Restoration of wet dune slacks on the
Dutch Wadden Sea Islands: recolonization after large-scale sod cutting. Restor Ecol
9:137–146
Grootjans AP, Geelen L, Jansen AJM, Lammerts EJ (2002) Restoration of coastal dune slacks.
Hydrobiologia 478:181–203
Grootjans A, Adema E, Bekker R, Lammerts E (2004) Why coastal dune slacks sustain a high
biodiversity. In: Martinez ML, Psuty NP (eds) Coastal dunes: ecology and conservation.
Ecological studies, vol 117. Springer, Berlin, pp 85–101
Jansen AJM, Bekker RM, Bobbink R, Bouwman JH, Van Dobben H, Van Duinen GA, Wallis de
Vries MF (2009) Efficiency of restoration measures in the framework of EGM for Red List
species (1990–2009; in Dutch). Report DKI nr 2010/dk137O, Ede, NL, 222 pp
Jones MLM, Reynolds B, Brittain SA, Norris DA, Rhind PM, Jones RE (2006) Complex
hydrological controls on wet dune slacks: the importance of local variability. Sci Total
Environ 372:266–277
Kooijman AM, Besse M (2002) On the higher availability of N and P in lime-poor than in limerich coastal dunes in the Netherlands. J Ecol 90:394–403
Kooijman AM, Hedenäs L (2009) Changes in nutrient availability from calcareous to acid
wetland habitats with closely related brown moss species: increase instead of decrease in N
and P. Plant Soil 324:267–278
Kooijman AM, Dopheide J, Sevink J, Takken I, Verstraten JM (1998) Nutrient limitation and
their implications on the effects of atmospheric deposition in coastal dunes: lime-poor and
lime-rich sites in the Netherlands. J Ecol 86:511–526
Kooijman AM, Lubbers I, Van Til M (2009) Iron-rich dune grasslands: relations between soil
organic matter and sorption of Fe and P. Environ Pollut 157:3158–3165
Lamers LPM, Smolders AJP, Roelofs JGM (2002) The restoration of fens in the Netherlands.
Hydrobiologia 478:107–130
Lammerts EJ, Pegtel DM, Grootjans AP, Van der Veen A (1999) Nutrient limitation and
vegetation change in a coastal dune slack. J Veg Sci 10:11–122
Munoz-Reinoso JC (2001) Vegetation changes and groundwater abstraction in SW Doñana,
Spain. J Hydrol 242:197–209
Ozinga WA, Römermann C, Bekker RM, Prinzing A, Tamis WLM, Schaminée JHJ, Hennekens
SM, Thompson K, Poschlod P, Kleyer M, Bakker JP, van Groenendael JM (2009) Dispersal
failure contributes to plant losses in NW Europe. Ecol Lett 12:66–74
Provoost S, Laurence M, Jones M, Edmondson SE (2009) Changes in landscape and vegetation of
coastal dunes in northwest Europe: a review. J Coast Cons 15:207–226
Remke E, Brouwer E, Kooijman AM, Blindow I, Esselink H, Roelofs JGM (2009) Even low to
medium nitrogen deposition impacts vegetation of dry coastal dunes around the Baltic Sea.
Environ Pollut 157:792–800
252
A. P. Grootjans et al.