only the results of research obtained in the autumn on the basis of the calculation of
excretion of phosphate by mass crustacean zooplankton species without considering the simplest and gelatinous macroplankton (Gutel’makher 1986) and early
spring, taking into account trophoecological main groups zooplankton community
(Parkhomenko et al. 2003). It is obvious that the above information about the role
and the regeneration of the upward fluxes of phosphates, do not give a complete
picture of the season variability of these fluxes in the deepwater area of the Black
Sea. Therefore to solve these problems in relation to the upward phosphorus flux
results of our research (Parkhomenko et al. 2003; Krivenko and Parkhomenko
2015) were used on the basis of the averaging of many years of observations of
hydrological, hydro-chemical structure of the deep-water area of the Black Sea.
These data were got from international data bank (Black Sea database, Supplied
with Ocean Base 3.07 DBMS/NATO SfP-971,818 ODBMS Black Sea Project, July
15, 2003, CD for Windows NT, 98, 2000, Me, XP). Regeneration of phosphorus
flux is estimated on the results of research (Parkhomenko et al. 2003; Parkhomenko
2005, 2007; Krivenko and Parkhomenko 2015) obtained on the basis of published
the data on the size and species structure of the zooplankton communities in the
deepwater area of the Black Sea in 1978 and 1995 to 166 stations in 16 scientific
expeditions (Kovalev et al. 1996a, b; Shushkina et al. 1980, 1992; Shushkina and
Vinogradov 1991a, b; Zagorodnyaya et al. 2001). The methods, calculation algorithms and estimation of monthly and annual average values of upward and
regeneration phosphate fluxes throughout the annual cycle in the deepwater area
of the Black Sea detailed in the works (Parkhomenko et al. 2003; Parkhomenko
2005, 2007; Krivenko and Parkhomenko 2015).
19.1.2 Seasonal Variability of the Upward
and the Regeneration of Phosphorus Fluxes
According to result of many years of computing the averaged annual variation of
the upward flux of phosphates and regeneration was built in the deepwater area of
the Black Sea (Fig. 19.1). Analysis of the data showed that the nature of the
upstream annual variability of phosphate in the photosynthesis zone (Fig. 19.1)
corresponds to the established ideas on the formation of the hydrochemical regime
of surface waters in the Black Sea in different seasons (Vinogradov et al. 1992).
Income of phosphates by hydrophysical processes gradually increased during the
autumn-winter period, reaching maximum values in February and March – 0.26 and
0.2 mg-atP m
À2 day
À1 . During the formation of seasonal stratification of surface
waters (April–June) the upward flow of phosphate is reduced by about half and in
July and August reaches minimum values 0.04 and 0.02 mg-atP m
À2 day
À1 . The
values of the upward, calculated on monthly profiles of phosphate concentrations
are in good agreement with previous estimates of the flow of phosphates in the
340
A.V. Parkhomenko
excretion of phosphate by mass crustacean zooplankton species without considering the simplest and gelatinous macroplankton (Gutel’makher 1986) and early
spring, taking into account trophoecological main groups zooplankton community
(Parkhomenko et al. 2003). It is obvious that the above information about the role
and the regeneration of the upward fluxes of phosphates, do not give a complete
picture of the season variability of these fluxes in the deepwater area of the Black
Sea. Therefore to solve these problems in relation to the upward phosphorus flux
results of our research (Parkhomenko et al. 2003; Krivenko and Parkhomenko
2015) were used on the basis of the averaging of many years of observations of
hydrological, hydro-chemical structure of the deep-water area of the Black Sea.
These data were got from international data bank (Black Sea database, Supplied
with Ocean Base 3.07 DBMS/NATO SfP-971,818 ODBMS Black Sea Project, July
15, 2003, CD for Windows NT, 98, 2000, Me, XP). Regeneration of phosphorus
flux is estimated on the results of research (Parkhomenko et al. 2003; Parkhomenko
2005, 2007; Krivenko and Parkhomenko 2015) obtained on the basis of published
the data on the size and species structure of the zooplankton communities in the
deepwater area of the Black Sea in 1978 and 1995 to 166 stations in 16 scientific
expeditions (Kovalev et al. 1996a, b; Shushkina et al. 1980, 1992; Shushkina and
Vinogradov 1991a, b; Zagorodnyaya et al. 2001). The methods, calculation algorithms and estimation of monthly and annual average values of upward and
regeneration phosphate fluxes throughout the annual cycle in the deepwater area
of the Black Sea detailed in the works (Parkhomenko et al. 2003; Parkhomenko
2005, 2007; Krivenko and Parkhomenko 2015).
19.1.2 Seasonal Variability of the Upward
and the Regeneration of Phosphorus Fluxes
According to result of many years of computing the averaged annual variation of
the upward flux of phosphates and regeneration was built in the deepwater area of
the Black Sea (Fig. 19.1). Analysis of the data showed that the nature of the
upstream annual variability of phosphate in the photosynthesis zone (Fig. 19.1)
corresponds to the established ideas on the formation of the hydrochemical regime
of surface waters in the Black Sea in different seasons (Vinogradov et al. 1992).
Income of phosphates by hydrophysical processes gradually increased during the
autumn-winter period, reaching maximum values in February and March – 0.26 and
0.2 mg-atP m
À2 day
À1 . During the formation of seasonal stratification of surface
waters (April–June) the upward flow of phosphate is reduced by about half and in
July and August reaches minimum values 0.04 and 0.02 mg-atP m
À2 day
À1 . The
values of the upward, calculated on monthly profiles of phosphate concentrations
are in good agreement with previous estimates of the flow of phosphates in the
340
A.V. Parkhomenko