scale of Polikarpov’s zones of chronic dose rates and their effects in the ecosystem,
as well as with the limit of safe dose rate of ionizing radiation for hydrobionts
(IAEA 1992). For analysis was used our own data and published data.
16.3 Result and Discussion
After the accident on the ChNPP an additional (to the global fallout) contamination
has occurred in the Black Sea, including radioactive isotopes of plutonium. Compared to other marine areas, the Black Sea has undergone a severe radioactive
contamination due to proximity to a source (CNPP) the sea itself as well as a large
part of its catchment area, which includes two major rivers – the Danube River and
the Dnieper River. Black Sea fell into one of three zones with a higher density of
radioactive Chernobyl fallout – a zone of so–called “southern trace” (Izrael 1990;
Chernobyl accident 1995; Polikarpov et al. 2008). Pollution data of the land
territory of Ukraine and Crimea by plutonium evidenced input of plutonium in
the Black Sea from radioactive atmospheric fallout after the accident on CHNPP.
According to these data the deposition zone with a density of plutonium radioisotopes up to 110 Bq m
À2 reached the part of the Crimean Peninsula and other regions
of the Black Sea coast (Chernobyl accident 1995). Already in the first months after
the ChNPP accident the plutonium isotopes were recorded as part of the Chernobyl
fallout in the surface waters of the Black Sea. As a result of deletions in surface
waters were formed the
239,240 Pu Chernobyl origin concentration activity in the
range 3.5–8.5 and the total (Chernobyl and global origin) concentration – 7–17
mBq m
À3 (Buesseler and Livingston 1996). The ratio of global
239,240 Pu to
Chernobyl
239,240 Pu was about 1:1. During this period inputs of Chernobyl radioactive contamination in the Black Sea evidenced a relatively high concentration
activity of
242 Cm, since this radionuclide having a short half–life (163 days), was
characterized by a relatively high content of the Chernobyl fallout in the first years
after the accident. The TUE maximum concentration activity data in the open
western and southern parts of the Black Sea in the surface water in 1986 after the
Chernobyl accident are presented in Fig. 16.1 (Polikarpov et al. 1990, 1991;
Buesseler and Livingston 1996; Polikarpov et al. 2008).
In the following years in addition to atmospheric radioactive fallout, one of the
main sources of income of plutonium isotopes in the Black Sea was the river runoff
(Polikarpov et al. 1990, 1991). The main rivers were Dnieper River and Danube
River.
252
N.N. Tereshchenko
as well as with the limit of safe dose rate of ionizing radiation for hydrobionts
(IAEA 1992). For analysis was used our own data and published data.
16.3 Result and Discussion
After the accident on the ChNPP an additional (to the global fallout) contamination
has occurred in the Black Sea, including radioactive isotopes of plutonium. Compared to other marine areas, the Black Sea has undergone a severe radioactive
contamination due to proximity to a source (CNPP) the sea itself as well as a large
part of its catchment area, which includes two major rivers – the Danube River and
the Dnieper River. Black Sea fell into one of three zones with a higher density of
radioactive Chernobyl fallout – a zone of so–called “southern trace” (Izrael 1990;
Chernobyl accident 1995; Polikarpov et al. 2008). Pollution data of the land
territory of Ukraine and Crimea by plutonium evidenced input of plutonium in
the Black Sea from radioactive atmospheric fallout after the accident on CHNPP.
According to these data the deposition zone with a density of plutonium radioisotopes up to 110 Bq m
À2 reached the part of the Crimean Peninsula and other regions
of the Black Sea coast (Chernobyl accident 1995). Already in the first months after
the ChNPP accident the plutonium isotopes were recorded as part of the Chernobyl
fallout in the surface waters of the Black Sea. As a result of deletions in surface
waters were formed the
239,240 Pu Chernobyl origin concentration activity in the
range 3.5–8.5 and the total (Chernobyl and global origin) concentration – 7–17
mBq m
À3 (Buesseler and Livingston 1996). The ratio of global
239,240 Pu to
Chernobyl
239,240 Pu was about 1:1. During this period inputs of Chernobyl radioactive contamination in the Black Sea evidenced a relatively high concentration
activity of
242 Cm, since this radionuclide having a short half–life (163 days), was
characterized by a relatively high content of the Chernobyl fallout in the first years
after the accident. The TUE maximum concentration activity data in the open
western and southern parts of the Black Sea in the surface water in 1986 after the
Chernobyl accident are presented in Fig. 16.1 (Polikarpov et al. 1990, 1991;
Buesseler and Livingston 1996; Polikarpov et al. 2008).
In the following years in addition to atmospheric radioactive fallout, one of the
main sources of income of plutonium isotopes in the Black Sea was the river runoff
(Polikarpov et al. 1990, 1991). The main rivers were Dnieper River and Danube
River.
252
N.N. Tereshchenko