5.3 Drainage Management
79
a
b
Fig. 5.10 (a) The cross section shows the natural elements of a coastal stretch with (barrier) islands.
From the main land (left) over the tidal flats to the (barrier) islands (right): salt marsh, sand and mud
flats (tidal flats), dunes, sandbars, inlet. Different artificial elements are mentioned: revetment at
the main land, groynes, reclamation systems. (b) What will happen in future time with the coastal
system under the influence of climate change? Source: adapted from Kunz (2004a, p. 98)
2. Find further examples for the influence of ecological aspects in coastal protection in
other Member States in the North Sea Region.
3. Coastal protection has not only to safeguard the main land coast, also islands have
to be protected against waves and currents, and, of course, against storm surges.
Some islands consist of clay and sand. Dunes are protecting the main part of the
islands against erosion and wash overs, and, as it has been expressed in 1650, the
islands also protect the main land (see the description from Bartels (1881) on p. 63).
Figure 5.10 shows the current situation (a) of a coastal stretch as it can be found in
the southern North Sea Region. What might happen in future time to the system of
(barrier) islands and main land? Describe the interaction of this system.
5.3 Drainage Management
5.3.1 Delineation of Historical Development
The first settlers were urged to protect themselves against high water either from the sea
or from the hinterland. The landscape drawn in Fig. 1.3 provides an impression how the
coastal area looked like in ancient times. Tidal channels were not cut off from the land,
there was a gradual transition from the flood plain to the tidal area. Higher areas contained
forests, lower areas were populated by salt-resistant vegetation. The entire coastal system
was in a dynamic equilibrium depending on hydrodynamic conditions (see Chap. 1).
Evidence for the oscillation of the high water line (or the calculated mean sea level) at
the coast are given, for example, by Jelgersma (1979); van de Plassche and Roep (1989);
Streif (1989, 1993); Denys and Baeteman (1995); Behre (2003, 2007) and Baeteman et al.
79
a
b
Fig. 5.10 (a) The cross section shows the natural elements of a coastal stretch with (barrier) islands.
From the main land (left) over the tidal flats to the (barrier) islands (right): salt marsh, sand and mud
flats (tidal flats), dunes, sandbars, inlet. Different artificial elements are mentioned: revetment at
the main land, groynes, reclamation systems. (b) What will happen in future time with the coastal
system under the influence of climate change? Source: adapted from Kunz (2004a, p. 98)
2. Find further examples for the influence of ecological aspects in coastal protection in
other Member States in the North Sea Region.
3. Coastal protection has not only to safeguard the main land coast, also islands have
to be protected against waves and currents, and, of course, against storm surges.
Some islands consist of clay and sand. Dunes are protecting the main part of the
islands against erosion and wash overs, and, as it has been expressed in 1650, the
islands also protect the main land (see the description from Bartels (1881) on p. 63).
Figure 5.10 shows the current situation (a) of a coastal stretch as it can be found in
the southern North Sea Region. What might happen in future time to the system of
(barrier) islands and main land? Describe the interaction of this system.
5.3 Drainage Management
5.3.1 Delineation of Historical Development
The first settlers were urged to protect themselves against high water either from the sea
or from the hinterland. The landscape drawn in Fig. 1.3 provides an impression how the
coastal area looked like in ancient times. Tidal channels were not cut off from the land,
there was a gradual transition from the flood plain to the tidal area. Higher areas contained
forests, lower areas were populated by salt-resistant vegetation. The entire coastal system
was in a dynamic equilibrium depending on hydrodynamic conditions (see Chap. 1).
Evidence for the oscillation of the high water line (or the calculated mean sea level) at
the coast are given, for example, by Jelgersma (1979); van de Plassche and Roep (1989);
Streif (1989, 1993); Denys and Baeteman (1995); Behre (2003, 2007) and Baeteman et al.