Primary Productivity of Phytoplankton
225
Apparatus and Supplies
1. Boats, anchors, Van Dorn or similar opaque, nonmetallic water samplers, thermistor for
temperature measurements.
2. Oxygen change method:
a. Labeled 250-ml Pyrex bottles with tips of ground-glass stoppers ground at an angle,
transparent and opaqued with two layers of plastic electrician's tape; sheets of heavy
aluminum foil.
b. Buoy, suspension line with clips at 0.5- or I-m intervals; bottle spreaders.
c. Winkler reagents for fixation of dissolved oxygen (see Exercise 6, p. 70).
d. Burettes and titration apparatus and reagents for determining dissolved oxygen
concentrations (see Exercise 6, p. 73).
3. 14C uptake method.
a. Clear and opaqued (two layers of black plastic electrician's tape) 130-ml Pyrex
ground-glass stoppered bottles, labeled and outfitted with clips wired to the neck of each;
sheets of heavy aluminum foil.
b. Buoy, suspension line with clip rings at 0.5- or I-m intervals; rod bottle spreaders with
eye-bolts at ends and suspension clips in the center.
c. Apparatus and reagents for analyses of alkalinity, pH, and DIC (see Exercise 8).
d. Precision syringe (spring-loaded) with 10- to 15-cm hypodermic needle or cannula;
ampoules of 14C of known specific activity, scoring file if needed, radioactive waste
containers for liquid and solids.
e. Pipets, membrane filters, filter forceps, multiple unit filtration apparatus, rings to weight
edges of filters, desiccator, acidification chamber to fume dry filters with fumes of
concentrated HCl (a glass-covered all-glass aquarium or battery jar with an internal
glass rack to keep filters away from the HCl liquid at the bottom works satisfactorily).
f. Radioassay liquid scintillation counter; appropriate reagents and vials.
4. Underwater photometers.
References
Fee, E.J. 1969. A numerical model for the estimation of photosynthetic production, integrated
over time and depth, in natural waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 14: 906-911.
Fee EJ. 1971. Digital computer programs for estimating primary production, integrated over
depth and time, in water bodies, Spec. Rept. 14, Center Great Lakes Studies, Univ. Wisc.
42pp.
Fee, EJ. 1973. A numerical model for determining integral primary production and its
application to Lake Michigan. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 30:1447-1468.
Findenegg, I. 1966. Die Bedeutung kurzwelliger Strahlung fUr die planktische Primarproduktion in den Seen. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 16:314-320.
Hough, R.A. and GJ. Filbin. 1978. Factors affecting the removal of 14C from water. Verh.
Int. Ver. Limno!. 20:49-53.
Larson, D.W. 1978. Possible misestimates of lake primary productivity due to vertical
migrations by dinoflagellates. Arch. Hydrobio!. 81 :296-303.
McKinley, K.R. and R.G. Wetzel. 1977. Tritium oxide uptake by algae: An independent measure
of phytoplankton photosynthesis. Limno!. Oceanogr. 22:377-380.
McKinley, K.R., A.K. Ward, and R.G. Wetzel. 1977. A method for obtaining more precise
measures of excreted organic carbon. Limnol. Oceano gr. 22:570-573.
Parsons, T.R., Y. Maita, and C.M. Lalli. 1984. A Manual of Chemical and Biological Methods
for Seawater Analysis. Pergamon, Elmsford, NY. 173 pp.
Peterson, B.J. 1978. Radiocarbon uptake: Its relation to net particulate carbon production.
Limno!. Oceanogr. 23: 179-184.
Saunders, G.W., F.B. Trama, and R.W. Bachmann. 1962. Evaluation of a modified 14C
technique for shipboard estimation of photosynthesis in large lakes. Pub!. Great Lakes Res.
Div., Univ. Mich. 8. 61 pp.
225
Apparatus and Supplies
1. Boats, anchors, Van Dorn or similar opaque, nonmetallic water samplers, thermistor for
temperature measurements.
2. Oxygen change method:
a. Labeled 250-ml Pyrex bottles with tips of ground-glass stoppers ground at an angle,
transparent and opaqued with two layers of plastic electrician's tape; sheets of heavy
aluminum foil.
b. Buoy, suspension line with clips at 0.5- or I-m intervals; bottle spreaders.
c. Winkler reagents for fixation of dissolved oxygen (see Exercise 6, p. 70).
d. Burettes and titration apparatus and reagents for determining dissolved oxygen
concentrations (see Exercise 6, p. 73).
3. 14C uptake method.
a. Clear and opaqued (two layers of black plastic electrician's tape) 130-ml Pyrex
ground-glass stoppered bottles, labeled and outfitted with clips wired to the neck of each;
sheets of heavy aluminum foil.
b. Buoy, suspension line with clip rings at 0.5- or I-m intervals; rod bottle spreaders with
eye-bolts at ends and suspension clips in the center.
c. Apparatus and reagents for analyses of alkalinity, pH, and DIC (see Exercise 8).
d. Precision syringe (spring-loaded) with 10- to 15-cm hypodermic needle or cannula;
ampoules of 14C of known specific activity, scoring file if needed, radioactive waste
containers for liquid and solids.
e. Pipets, membrane filters, filter forceps, multiple unit filtration apparatus, rings to weight
edges of filters, desiccator, acidification chamber to fume dry filters with fumes of
concentrated HCl (a glass-covered all-glass aquarium or battery jar with an internal
glass rack to keep filters away from the HCl liquid at the bottom works satisfactorily).
f. Radioassay liquid scintillation counter; appropriate reagents and vials.
4. Underwater photometers.
References
Fee, E.J. 1969. A numerical model for the estimation of photosynthetic production, integrated
over time and depth, in natural waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 14: 906-911.
Fee EJ. 1971. Digital computer programs for estimating primary production, integrated over
depth and time, in water bodies, Spec. Rept. 14, Center Great Lakes Studies, Univ. Wisc.
42pp.
Fee, EJ. 1973. A numerical model for determining integral primary production and its
application to Lake Michigan. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 30:1447-1468.
Findenegg, I. 1966. Die Bedeutung kurzwelliger Strahlung fUr die planktische Primarproduktion in den Seen. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 16:314-320.
Hough, R.A. and GJ. Filbin. 1978. Factors affecting the removal of 14C from water. Verh.
Int. Ver. Limno!. 20:49-53.
Larson, D.W. 1978. Possible misestimates of lake primary productivity due to vertical
migrations by dinoflagellates. Arch. Hydrobio!. 81 :296-303.
McKinley, K.R. and R.G. Wetzel. 1977. Tritium oxide uptake by algae: An independent measure
of phytoplankton photosynthesis. Limno!. Oceanogr. 22:377-380.
McKinley, K.R., A.K. Ward, and R.G. Wetzel. 1977. A method for obtaining more precise
measures of excreted organic carbon. Limnol. Oceano gr. 22:570-573.
Parsons, T.R., Y. Maita, and C.M. Lalli. 1984. A Manual of Chemical and Biological Methods
for Seawater Analysis. Pergamon, Elmsford, NY. 173 pp.
Peterson, B.J. 1978. Radiocarbon uptake: Its relation to net particulate carbon production.
Limno!. Oceanogr. 23: 179-184.
Saunders, G.W., F.B. Trama, and R.W. Bachmann. 1962. Evaluation of a modified 14C
technique for shipboard estimation of photosynthesis in large lakes. Pub!. Great Lakes Res.
Div., Univ. Mich. 8. 61 pp.