XII
Contents
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.3
5.4
General Remarks
221
Practical Procedures ...................................... 223
Estimation of in situ Methane Production Rates .............. 228
Measurement of Nitrification Rate with the 14C02 Dark
Uptake Method .......................................... 229
5.5
Studying Sulfur Cycling with thc Ajd of ''is ................... 230
5.5.1 Introduction ............................................. 230
5.5.2 Measuring the Rate of Sulfide Oxidation .................... 232
5.5.2.1 Preparation of the Working Solution of Labeled Sulfide ....... 234
5.5.2.2 Experimental Procedure ................................... 237
5.5.3 Oxidation Rates of Thiosulfate and Elemental Sulfur .......... 240
5.6
Study of Sulfate Reduction ................................ 242
5.6.1 General Remarks ......................................... 242
5.6.2 Practical Implementation: Bottom Sediments ................ 248
5.6.2.1 Preparation of the Working Solution of Labeled Sulfate ....... 248
5.6.2.2 The Slurry Method ....................................... 249
5.6.2.3 The Core Method ........................................ 252
5.6.3 Practical Implementation: Water Column .................... 253
5.6.4 Location of Active Populations of Sulfate-Reduction Bacteria .. 255
5.7
Study of the Dynamics of Phosphorus ....................... 256
5.7.1 General Remarks ........................................ 256
5.7.2 Measuring P04P Uptake Rates by Microplankton ............ 263
5.7.2.1 Preparation of the Isotope Working Solution ................. 263
5.7.2.2 Estimation of the Total P04-P-Uptake by Microplankton ...... 265
5.7.3 Estimation of the Share of Bacterioplankton in Total P04-P
Consumption by Microplankton ............................ 265
5.7.4 Estimation of in situ P04-P Regeneration Rates .............. 267
5.7.5 Consumption of P04-P from the Water Column by
the Elements of Bottom Biotopes .......................... 268
6
Assay of Some Common Hydrobiological Techniques ......... 272
6.1
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.2.1
6.1.2.2
6.1.2.3
6.1.2.4
6.2
6.3
Techniques for the Quantification Density
of Microplankton Populations ............................. .
Phytoplankton .......................................... .
Heterotrophic Microplankton ............................. .
Bacterioplankton ........................................ .
Nanoheterotrophs ....................................... .
Planktonic Ciliates ...................................... .
Multicellular Microzooplankton ........................... .
Quantification of Mesozooplankton ........................ .
Total Plankton Respiration, Stock of Labile Organic Matter,
and its Turnover Time .................................... .
272
272
281
281
282
283
285
286
289