THE NEAR-SURFACE LAYER OF THE OCEAN
1/ 2
5/ 2
2
1
2 2
0
5/ 2
1
1
1 2
5/ 3
2
1
1
2
2
5/2 ,2
2
2
5/2,2
2
2
5/2,2
,
r
c
c
c
c
c
c
g
t
b
r
n
w
b b
r
r r r
b
r
r rr
X
X
X
X
X
S M
ª
/
*
/
¬
/
*
/
º
/
*
/
» ¼
(2.118)
where * is the incomplete gamma function.
Figure 2-20 shows the surface renewal time r
t as a function of rainrate
P. The rainfall strongly influences the renewal time even for low rainrates.
For P > 2 mm h
-1 , the rain-induced surface disruptions dominate the renewal
process including the surface renewals caused by breaking wavelets or long
breaking waves. In calm situations even light rainfall easily surpasses the
effect of free convection on the renewal time.
Figure 2-20. Surface renewal time due to rain calculated from (2.118) as a function of rainrate
for two critical radii r c .
Figure 2-21a shows the skin cooling due to rainfall for renewal times
determined by the rain as a function of rainrate. The variation of the volume
128