Conclusions
It is well known that during El Niño notable changes in the atmospheric and
oceanic processes appear in different parts of the Earth. In some places they occur
synchronously with the El Niño phenomenon, in the other regions they appear with
a certain time shift. In general, these phenomena are defined as a remote response to
the El Niño events.
We note that, in addition to El Niño, researchers use a very large number of
different regional atmospheric oscillations such as the North Atlantic, Arctic,
Antarctic, East Pacific and many others. Many of these oscillations contain the
modes, which are synchronized with the events of El Niño [21]. The causes of the
possible changes in the weather regime in different parts of the Earth during
the events of El Niño can be understood in general even from the analysis of the
peculiarities of appropriate global atmospheric pressure field, like the one shown in
Fig. 1. Let us consider here just one example. From this figure it may be clarified, in
particular, that cooling of the Barents Sea region during El Niño occurs due to the
development of anomalously cold easterly winds that bring chill and prevent
the spread of the warm currents from the west. Many scientists studying the remote
atmosphere regime changes during El Niño use to apply the paradigm of the
El Niño remote response. They believe that the key cause of these changes is the
event of El Niño whose impact is more or less manifested very far from the source
of the signal.
Anticipated physical mechanisms of the El Niño signal transmission over long
distances were assumed in many papers [13, 22–24]. In almost all of the cases the
opinion of the authors is based on the concept of the atmospheric or oceanic
“bridges” suggested for the fast propagating Rossby and Kelvin waves. Actually,
some changes associated with El Niño in the atmosphere and ocean, but mainly
within the Pacific could be explained on the basis of these waves [25]. We are not
familiar with the works, in which transmission mechanisms of El Niño signal to
more remote areas were considered. Neither we know the publications, which
explain how under the influence of the regional El Niño signal in the field of the
atmospheric pressure anomalies the clearly manifested structures covering the entire
globe, i.e. of the scale significantly larger than the scale of the El Niño are
immediately formed.
Thus, it is reasonable to propose a change in the paradigm of the Global
Response of El Niño on the paradigm of El Niño occurrence as one of the manifestations of the real Global Oscillation. We understand the latter as the global
structure in the field of the atmospheric pressure anomalies shown, in particular, in
Fig. 1 (top panel). The indications of the atmospheric process anomalies shown in
Fig. 1 should be reversed in the opposite phase of this Global process revealed
in this paper. The event of La Niña usually appears in the Pacific region at this
phase of the GAO.
The true causes of the recent global fluctuations in the dynamics of the climate
system are not yet clear. We believe that it has, relatively speaking, a tidal character.
The Global Atmosphere Oscillations in the Context …
357
It is well known that during El Niño notable changes in the atmospheric and
oceanic processes appear in different parts of the Earth. In some places they occur
synchronously with the El Niño phenomenon, in the other regions they appear with
a certain time shift. In general, these phenomena are defined as a remote response to
the El Niño events.
We note that, in addition to El Niño, researchers use a very large number of
different regional atmospheric oscillations such as the North Atlantic, Arctic,
Antarctic, East Pacific and many others. Many of these oscillations contain the
modes, which are synchronized with the events of El Niño [21]. The causes of the
possible changes in the weather regime in different parts of the Earth during
the events of El Niño can be understood in general even from the analysis of the
peculiarities of appropriate global atmospheric pressure field, like the one shown in
Fig. 1. Let us consider here just one example. From this figure it may be clarified, in
particular, that cooling of the Barents Sea region during El Niño occurs due to the
development of anomalously cold easterly winds that bring chill and prevent
the spread of the warm currents from the west. Many scientists studying the remote
atmosphere regime changes during El Niño use to apply the paradigm of the
El Niño remote response. They believe that the key cause of these changes is the
event of El Niño whose impact is more or less manifested very far from the source
of the signal.
Anticipated physical mechanisms of the El Niño signal transmission over long
distances were assumed in many papers [13, 22–24]. In almost all of the cases the
opinion of the authors is based on the concept of the atmospheric or oceanic
“bridges” suggested for the fast propagating Rossby and Kelvin waves. Actually,
some changes associated with El Niño in the atmosphere and ocean, but mainly
within the Pacific could be explained on the basis of these waves [25]. We are not
familiar with the works, in which transmission mechanisms of El Niño signal to
more remote areas were considered. Neither we know the publications, which
explain how under the influence of the regional El Niño signal in the field of the
atmospheric pressure anomalies the clearly manifested structures covering the entire
globe, i.e. of the scale significantly larger than the scale of the El Niño are
immediately formed.
Thus, it is reasonable to propose a change in the paradigm of the Global
Response of El Niño on the paradigm of El Niño occurrence as one of the manifestations of the real Global Oscillation. We understand the latter as the global
structure in the field of the atmospheric pressure anomalies shown, in particular, in
Fig. 1 (top panel). The indications of the atmospheric process anomalies shown in
Fig. 1 should be reversed in the opposite phase of this Global process revealed
in this paper. The event of La Niña usually appears in the Pacific region at this
phase of the GAO.
The true causes of the recent global fluctuations in the dynamics of the climate
system are not yet clear. We believe that it has, relatively speaking, a tidal character.
The Global Atmosphere Oscillations in the Context …
357