48. Gemmrich, J. R., & van Haren, H. (2002). Internal wave band eddy fluxes in the bottom
boundary layer above a continental slope. Journal of Marine Research, 60, 227–253.
49. van Haren, H., Laan, M., Buijsman, D.-J., Gostiaux, L., Smit, M. G., & Keijzer, E. (2009).
NIOZ3: Independent temperature sensors sampling yearlong data at a rate of 1 Hz. IEEE
Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 34, 315–322.
50. IOC, SCOR, & IAPSO. (2010). The international thermodynamic equation of seawater—
2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56, UNESCO, Paris, France, p. 196
51. van Haren, H., Greinert, J. (2016). Turbulent high-latitude oceanic intrusions – details of
non-smooth apparent isopycnal transport West of Svalbard. Ocean Dynamics, 66, 785–794.
52. Gregg, M. C. (1989). Scaling turbulent dissipation in the thermocline. Journal Geophysical
Research, 94, 9686–9698.
53. Alford, M. H., & Pinkel, R. (2000). Observations of overturning in the thermocline: The
context of ocean mixing. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 30, 805–832.
54. Marmorino, G. O. (1987). Observations of small-scale mixing processes in the seasonal
thermocline. Part II: Wave breaking. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 17, 1348–1355.
55. van Haren, H., & Gostiaux, L. (2009). High-resolution open-ocean temperature spectra.
Journal Geophysical Research, 114, C05005. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JC004967.
56. Munk, W. (1981). Internal waves and small-scale processes. In B. A. Warren & C. Wunsch
(Eds.), Evolution of physical oceanography (pp. 264–291). Cambridge MA, USA: MIT Press.
57. Cyr, F., & van Haren, H. (2016). Observations of small-scale secondary instabilities during
the shoaling of internal bores on a deep-ocean slope. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 46,
219–231.
58. Geyer, W. R., Lavery, A. C., Scully, M. E., & Trowbridge, J. H. (2010). Mixing by shear
instability at high Reynolds number. Geophysical Reseach Letters, 37, L22607. https://doi.
org/10.1029/2010GL045272.
59. van Haren, H. (2006). Nonlinear motions at the internal tide source. Geophysical Reseach
Letters, 33, L11605. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL025851.
60. van Haren, H., Cimatoribus, A. A., Gostiaux, L. (2015). Where large deep-ocean waves break.
Geophysical Research Letters, 42, 2351–2357, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063329.
61. van Haren, H. (2017). Exploring the vertical extent of breaking internal wave turbulence
above deep-sea topography. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 77, 89–99.
62. van Haren, H., Gostiaux, L., Morozov, E., & Tarakanov, R. (2014). Extremely long
Kelvin-Helmholtz billow trains in the Romanche Fracture Zone. Geophysical Reseach
Letters, 41, 8445–8451. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062421.
63. Thorpe, S. A. (1973). Experiments on instability and turbulence in a stratified shear flow.
Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 61, 731–751.
64. Klaassen, G. P., & Peltier, W. R. (1985). The onset of turbulence in finite-amplitude
Kelvin-Helmholtz billow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 155, 1–35.
65. Woods, J. D. (1968). Wave-induced shear instability in the summer thermocline. Journal of
Fluid Mechanics, 32, 791–800.
66. Moum, J. M., Farmer, D. M., Smyth, W. D., Armi, L., & Vagle, S. (2003). Structure and
generation of turbulence at interfaces strained by internal solitary waves propagating
shoreward over the continental shelf. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 33, 2093–2112.
67. van Haren, H., Cimatoribus, A. A., Cyr, F., & Gostiaux, L. (2016). Insights from a 3-D
temperature sensors mooring on stratified ocean turbulence. Geophysical Reseach Letters, 43,
4483–4489. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068032.
68. Thurnherr, A. M., Richards, K. J., German, C. R., Lane-Serff, G. F., & Speer, K. G. (2002).
Flow and mixing in the Rift Valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Journal of Physical
Oceanography, 32, 1763–1778.
69. Melet, A., Hallberg, R., Legg, S., & Nikurashin, M. (2014). Sensivity of the ocean state to
lee-wave driven mixing. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 40, 900–921.
70. Cacchione, D. A., & Drake, D. E. (1986). Nepheloid layers and internal waves over
continental shelves and slopes. Geo-Marine Letters, 16, 147–152.
High-Resolution Observations of Internal Wave Turbulence …
145
boundary layer above a continental slope. Journal of Marine Research, 60, 227–253.
49. van Haren, H., Laan, M., Buijsman, D.-J., Gostiaux, L., Smit, M. G., & Keijzer, E. (2009).
NIOZ3: Independent temperature sensors sampling yearlong data at a rate of 1 Hz. IEEE
Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 34, 315–322.
50. IOC, SCOR, & IAPSO. (2010). The international thermodynamic equation of seawater—
2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56, UNESCO, Paris, France, p. 196
51. van Haren, H., Greinert, J. (2016). Turbulent high-latitude oceanic intrusions – details of
non-smooth apparent isopycnal transport West of Svalbard. Ocean Dynamics, 66, 785–794.
52. Gregg, M. C. (1989). Scaling turbulent dissipation in the thermocline. Journal Geophysical
Research, 94, 9686–9698.
53. Alford, M. H., & Pinkel, R. (2000). Observations of overturning in the thermocline: The
context of ocean mixing. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 30, 805–832.
54. Marmorino, G. O. (1987). Observations of small-scale mixing processes in the seasonal
thermocline. Part II: Wave breaking. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 17, 1348–1355.
55. van Haren, H., & Gostiaux, L. (2009). High-resolution open-ocean temperature spectra.
Journal Geophysical Research, 114, C05005. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JC004967.
56. Munk, W. (1981). Internal waves and small-scale processes. In B. A. Warren & C. Wunsch
(Eds.), Evolution of physical oceanography (pp. 264–291). Cambridge MA, USA: MIT Press.
57. Cyr, F., & van Haren, H. (2016). Observations of small-scale secondary instabilities during
the shoaling of internal bores on a deep-ocean slope. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 46,
219–231.
58. Geyer, W. R., Lavery, A. C., Scully, M. E., & Trowbridge, J. H. (2010). Mixing by shear
instability at high Reynolds number. Geophysical Reseach Letters, 37, L22607. https://doi.
org/10.1029/2010GL045272.
59. van Haren, H. (2006). Nonlinear motions at the internal tide source. Geophysical Reseach
Letters, 33, L11605. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL025851.
60. van Haren, H., Cimatoribus, A. A., Gostiaux, L. (2015). Where large deep-ocean waves break.
Geophysical Research Letters, 42, 2351–2357, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063329.
61. van Haren, H. (2017). Exploring the vertical extent of breaking internal wave turbulence
above deep-sea topography. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 77, 89–99.
62. van Haren, H., Gostiaux, L., Morozov, E., & Tarakanov, R. (2014). Extremely long
Kelvin-Helmholtz billow trains in the Romanche Fracture Zone. Geophysical Reseach
Letters, 41, 8445–8451. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062421.
63. Thorpe, S. A. (1973). Experiments on instability and turbulence in a stratified shear flow.
Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 61, 731–751.
64. Klaassen, G. P., & Peltier, W. R. (1985). The onset of turbulence in finite-amplitude
Kelvin-Helmholtz billow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 155, 1–35.
65. Woods, J. D. (1968). Wave-induced shear instability in the summer thermocline. Journal of
Fluid Mechanics, 32, 791–800.
66. Moum, J. M., Farmer, D. M., Smyth, W. D., Armi, L., & Vagle, S. (2003). Structure and
generation of turbulence at interfaces strained by internal solitary waves propagating
shoreward over the continental shelf. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 33, 2093–2112.
67. van Haren, H., Cimatoribus, A. A., Cyr, F., & Gostiaux, L. (2016). Insights from a 3-D
temperature sensors mooring on stratified ocean turbulence. Geophysical Reseach Letters, 43,
4483–4489. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068032.
68. Thurnherr, A. M., Richards, K. J., German, C. R., Lane-Serff, G. F., & Speer, K. G. (2002).
Flow and mixing in the Rift Valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Journal of Physical
Oceanography, 32, 1763–1778.
69. Melet, A., Hallberg, R., Legg, S., & Nikurashin, M. (2014). Sensivity of the ocean state to
lee-wave driven mixing. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 40, 900–921.
70. Cacchione, D. A., & Drake, D. E. (1986). Nepheloid layers and internal waves over
continental shelves and slopes. Geo-Marine Letters, 16, 147–152.
High-Resolution Observations of Internal Wave Turbulence …
145