MATHEMATICAL NOTATIONS
509
Sc T
turbulent Schmidt number
(6.17)
6.2.2
t
time, elapsed time
t
renewal time
(2.30)
2.3.2
T
thermodynamic temperature
T h
bulk temperature of the upper ocean mixed layer
4.1.1
T r
raindrop temperature
(1.80)
1.5.4
T w
bulk water temperature
(1.80)
1.5.4
T D
bulk temperature of the diurnal mixed layer
4.1.1
T 0
sea surface temperature (SST)
(1.35)
1.3.2
u, v, w
mean velocity components in x, y, z directions,
respectively
1.2.1
u l
typical velocity scale
(1.19)
1.2.4
u S
stokes surface drift
2.3.2
u w
current velocity of the bulk of water
u wd
wind-induced surface drift
(2.62)
2.3.2
u 0
current velocity at the sea surface (relative to the
background ocean current)
(2.62)
2.3.2
u
friction velocity in the upper ocean boundary
layer
1.6.6
a
u
friction velocity in the atmospheric boundary
layer
1.3.2
l
u
local friction velocity
3.5.2
r
u
equivalent friction velocity scale induced in the
upper ocean corresponding to the flux of kinetic
energy carried by the rain
(2.131) 2.5.6
u
'
ensemble averaged velocity difference across
the aqueous viscous sublayer
2.3
U a
mean wind speed relative to the ocean surface
(1.32)
1.3.2
U 0
Relative flow speed (towed or mean flow
advection speed)
(3.8)
3.2.3
U 10
wind speed at 10 m height
1.3.2
V x
longitudinal component of the bow velocity
signal
3.2.5
w b
buoyant rise speed of bubbles
(6.1)
6.1.2
w e
entrainment velocity
4.3
w i
impact (terminal) velocity of raindrops
1.5.1
w 0
nominal ascending speed of the free-rising
profiler in still water
(3.11)
3.2.4
w *
convective velocity scale
(3.95)
3.4.2
W
total squared vorticity (enstrophy)
5.2