A Multivariate Reduced-order Optimal Interpolation Method and its Application
299
~~~~~,,-.-r,-I.~.-~r>~~~r>-~~~,-~-.-r.-~~-r~~-..-~ro
OI
:''::"cC''''::-''':':-:OCT::-C'''":-::'''':-'''-':--:OC~T """".:-",,~ ... ' :-7. OCT::- ... :' :-:,,,,::-c ... c...OCT~ .... :':-c""~M:-OCI~ 'l..~""::-""-':--:OCI=-::'''':-'''':::-:''':-OCI~''''=-=:''''::-:':''''-:OCI:::-7.'''::-''''~'''':'::-::OCI::-'''~''''::-:''''':-OC:::T:-'
1993
l!l9
, .
UlJl
!Im
tJ4
1996
!IM
li191
Wr>-.,-,,-..-~rIT~-r~~-.~,,~~~-r~~-r~rT~~~I~rT-r~rT-r~
OI
ro
. .
!'IlO
~~~~~-':--:~~~~:':-:::-C":-::~~~~~~"":-,,,,-':--:OCI~""~""~""~OCI:-"'~""~""~OCI~~~"""~""~OCI::-""~""~ .... :-OC~T~
1!5l
,*
Iim.
, .
19111
UrT--.-.....-.......,..--r-.,.......,,......,....c..;.-"T""""""TT""T""-r-,-,.--.--,-,- ....... --r-.,.......,,......,...-r-,,.--.-er I91 --.--.,......,--.-..,.......,,..,...-,-.-,
"
Fig. 15.5 Time series in 1993-97 for the altimetry assimilation ron. Norm of innovation
vector in the (a) Westem, (b) Eastem bas in (unit: cm 2 ); (c) mean wind stress (unit: dyne/
cm 2 ); (d) mean heat flux (unit: W/m 2 ); (e) mean sea-surface temperature (unit: cC); (f) mean
kinetic energy (unit: cm 2 /i); mean temperature in the (g) Westem basin), (h) Eastem basin
(unit: cC). Ali plots: solid line: assimilation run; dotted line: no assimilation (reference).
The salinity section at 18°W in the Ionian basin in winter 1993-94 with assimilation (Fig.lS.7a) shows a core of Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) near 400SOOm depth and the Modified Atlantic Water closer to the surface to the South. In
the S-year 1993-97 average ofwinters (Fig. 15.7b), the vertical gradient and LIW
characteristics have been diffused with respect to Fig. 15.7a. This is probably due
to the combined effects of constant vertical diffusion, grid resolution, horizontal
299
~~~~~,,-.-r,-I.~.-~r>~~~r>-~~~,-~-.-r.-~~-r~~-..-~ro
OI
:''::"cC''''::-''':':-:OCT::-C'''":-::'''':-'''-':--:OC~T """".:-",,~ ... ' :-7. OCT::- ... :' :-:,,,,::-c ... c...OCT~ .... :':-c""~M:-OCI~ 'l..~""::-""-':--:OCI=-::'''':-'''':::-:''':-OCI~''''=-=:''''::-:':''''-:OCI:::-7.'''::-''''~'''':'::-::OCI::-'''~''''::-:''''':-OC:::T:-'
1993
l!l9
, .
UlJl
!Im
tJ4
1996
!IM
li191
Wr>-.,-,,-..-~rIT~-r~~-.~,,~~~-r~~-r~rT~~~I~rT-r~rT-r~
OI
ro
. .
!'IlO
~~~~~-':--:~~~~:':-:::-C":-::~~~~~~"":-,,,,-':--:OCI~""~""~""~OCI:-"'~""~""~OCI~~~"""~""~OCI::-""~""~ .... :-OC~T~
1!5l
,*
Iim.
, .
19111
UrT--.-.....-.......,..--r-.,.......,,......,....c..;.-"T""""""TT""T""-r-,-,.--.--,-,- ....... --r-.,.......,,......,...-r-,,.--.-er I91 --.--.,......,--.-..,.......,,..,...-,-.-,
"
Fig. 15.5 Time series in 1993-97 for the altimetry assimilation ron. Norm of innovation
vector in the (a) Westem, (b) Eastem bas in (unit: cm 2 ); (c) mean wind stress (unit: dyne/
cm 2 ); (d) mean heat flux (unit: W/m 2 ); (e) mean sea-surface temperature (unit: cC); (f) mean
kinetic energy (unit: cm 2 /i); mean temperature in the (g) Westem basin), (h) Eastem basin
(unit: cC). Ali plots: solid line: assimilation run; dotted line: no assimilation (reference).
The salinity section at 18°W in the Ionian basin in winter 1993-94 with assimilation (Fig.lS.7a) shows a core of Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) near 400SOOm depth and the Modified Atlantic Water closer to the surface to the South. In
the S-year 1993-97 average ofwinters (Fig. 15.7b), the vertical gradient and LIW
characteristics have been diffused with respect to Fig. 15.7a. This is probably due
to the combined effects of constant vertical diffusion, grid resolution, horizontal