xvi
18.1.1
18.1.2
18.1.3
18.2
18.2.1
18.2.2
18.3
18.3.1
18.3.2
18.4
18.4.1
18.4.2
18.4.3
18.4.4
18.5
18.5.1
18.5.2
18.6
18.6.1
18.6.2
18.6.3
18.6.4
18.7
18.7.1
18.7.2
18.7.3
18.7.4
18.7.5
18.8
18.8.1
18.8.2
18.8.3
18.8.4
18.9
18.9.1
18.9.2
18.9.3
18.9.4
18.9.5
Bio1ogical Primitive Equations .............................................. 377
Individual-Based Modelling ................................................... 378
Virtual Plankton Ecosystems .................................................. 378
Primitive equation modelling ................................................. 379
Credibility and Verification .................................................... 379
Software sens ing .................................................................... 380
Biological primitive equations ............................................... 380
Complex Adaptive Systems ................................... ................ 380
Evolution ................................................................................ 381
Plankton .................................................................................. 382
One-dimensional modelling ................................................... 382
Zooplankton ........................................................................... 383
Fish larvae .............................................................................. 383
Reproducible laboratory experiments .................................... 384
Modelling with biological primitive equations ...................... 384
Individual-based modelling .................................................... 385
The WB food chain model ..................................................... 386
The Lagrangian Ensemble method ......................................... 386
Partic1es and sub-populations ........................................... ...... 388
Physiology and behaviour .................................................. .... 388
Ambient environment ............................................. ................ 388
Initial and boundary conditions .............................................. 388
Virtual Plankton Ecosystems .................................................. 389
Introduction ............................................................................ 389
The Azores Virtual Plankton Ecosystem ........................... ..... 390
Environment ....................................................................... .... 390
Using audit trails: a case study ............................................... 391
Do it yourself .......................................................................... 392
Population Ecology ................................................................ 393
Steele's dilemma .................................................................... 393
Demographic time series ........................................................ 395
Computing demography ......................................... ................ 396
Emergent demography ........................................................... 396
Competition ............................................................................ 398
Competitive advantage ........................................................... 399
Competitive exc1usion ............................................................ 400
Evolution by mutation ....................................................... ..... 400
Co-existence ........................................................................... 401
Conclusion .......................................................................... .... 403
References .................................................................................................... 429
Subjext Index ................................................................................................ 467