11.3.l
11.3.2
11.3.3
11.4
11.4.1
11.4.2
11.5
11.5.1
11.5.2
11.6
11.6.1
11.6.2
11.6.3
11.6.4
11.6.5
11.7
Il. 7.1
Il. 7.2
11.7.3
11.7.4
11.7.5
11.8
12
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
13
13.1
13.1.1
13.1.2
13.1.3
13.1.4
xiii
Interdisciplinary Processes ..................................................... 204
Naval Applications ................................................................. 204
Fisheries and other applications ............................................. 205
The REA OOPS (Ocean Observing and Prediction System) .206
The overall system and components ...................................... 206
Data Acquisition and Management ........................................ 207
Forecast System and Predictive Skill Evaluations ................. 208
Regional System Validation, Calibration and Verification .... 208
REA System Validation Issues ............................................... 209
IllustrationsfromRapidResponseExercises 1996, 1997, 1998 210
Location and Characterization of Operational Regions ......... 211
Methodologies: Initialization, Assimilation and Sampling .... 216
Products .................................................................................. 219
F orecast evaluations ............................................................... 220
Accomplishments and implications ....................................... 222
Organization, logistics and resources ..................................... 223
Platforms and resources ......................................................... 223
Adaptive sampling and assimilation ...................................... 224
Data fusion and communication ............................................. 225
Simple and complex systems for special purposes ................ 226
Distribution and impact of information .................................. 227
Summary, conclusions and prospects ..................................... 228
Forecasting of Sea-Ievel, Currents and Sea Ice in the
Baltic Sea ........•...................................................................... 231
LENNART FUNKQUIST AND HANS DAHLIN
Introduction ............................................................................ 231
Presently used forecasting models at SMHI .......................... 232
Observations and data collection ........................................... 233
Sea ice .................................................................................... 234
Sea-Ievel, currents, temperature and salinity ......................... 235
Wind waves ............................................................................ 237
Post-processing ...................................................................... 238
Conclusions ............................................................................ 239
Predictions in the North Sea ................................................ 243
DAVID PRANDLE
Introduction ............................................................................ 243
Approach ................................................................................ 243
What do we want to predict in shelf seas? ............................. 243
Shelf Seas - a global perspective ............................................ 243
Chapter Contents .................................................................... 245