274
Theory of the Ventilated Thermocline
On the other hand, the dependence of the theory on potential vorticity
conservation and geostrophy provide limitations that must be relaxed if the
theory is to be applied to the subpolar gyre, where observational evidence
(Luyten et al. 1985) indicates that cross-isopycnal fluxes are important or to
the equatorial regime where f is small enough to invalidate the geostrophic
approximation. The discussion of the next two chapters centers on these
issues.
References
Armi, L. and Stommel, H., 1983: Four views of a portion of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre.
J. Phys. Ocean., 13, 828-857.
Bryan, K., 1987: Potential vorticity in models of the ocean circulation. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 113,
713-734.
Cox, M.D., 1985: An eddy resolving model of the ventilated thermocline. J. Phys. Ocean., 15, 13121324.
Cox, M.D. and Bryan K., 1984: A numerical model of the ventilated thermocline. J. Phys. Ocean.,
14, 674-687.
Cushman-Roisin, B., 1987: Subduction In: Dynamics of the oceanic mixed layer. Eds. Muller P. and
Henderson, D. Hawaii Inst. of Geophys. special publication. Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulo.
De Szoeke, R.A. 1987: On the wind-driven circulation of the South Pacific ocean. J. Phys. Ocean,
17, 613--630.
Haynes, P. H. and Mcintyre, M. E., 1987: On the evolution of vorticity and potential vorticity in the
presence of diabatic heating and frictional or other forces. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 828-841.
Huang, R.X., 1988: On boundary value problems of the ideal-fluid thermocline. J. Phys. Ocean.,
18, 619-641.
Huang, R.X., 1989a: The generalized eastern boundary conditions and the three-dimensional
structure of the ideal fluid thermocline. J. Geophys. Res, 94, 4855-4865.
Huang, R.X., 1989b: On the three- dimensional structure of the wind-driven circulation in the
North Atlantic. Dyn. Atmos. and Oceans., 15, 117-159.
Huang, R.X., 1991: The three dimensional structure of the wind-driven gyres: ventilation and
subduction. Rev. ofGeophys., (Supplement) U.S. National report to the International Union
of Geodesy and Geophysics., 590--609.
Iselin, C.O'D, 1939: The influence of vertical and lateral turbulence on the characteristics of the
waters at mid-depths. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Un., 20, 414-417.
Jenkins, W. J., 1998: Studying subtropical Thermocline ventilation and Circulation using Tritium and
3 He. J. Geophys. Res, in press.
Ledwell, J., Watson, A.J. and Law, C. S., 1993: Evidence for slow mixing across the pycnocline from
an open-ocean tracer release experiment. Nature, 364, 701-703.
Levitus, S., 1982: Climatological Atlas of the World Ocean. NOAA Prof. paper 13, U.S. Govt.
Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 173 pp.
Liu, Z.L. and Pedlosky, J., 1994: Thermocline forced by annual and decadal surface temperature
variation. J. Phys. Ocean., 24, 587-608.
Liu, Z.L., Pedlosky, J., Marshall, D. and Warncke, T., 1993: On the feedback of the Rhines-Young
pool on the ventilated thermocline. J. Phys. Ocean., 23, 1592-1596.
Lozier, M.S., Owens, W.B., and Curry, R.G., (1996): The climatology of the North Atlantic. Prog
Oceanogr 36: 1-44.
Luyten, J.R., Pedlosky, J. and Stommel, H., 1983: The ventilated thermocline. J. Phys. Ocean., 13,
292-309.
Theory of the Ventilated Thermocline
On the other hand, the dependence of the theory on potential vorticity
conservation and geostrophy provide limitations that must be relaxed if the
theory is to be applied to the subpolar gyre, where observational evidence
(Luyten et al. 1985) indicates that cross-isopycnal fluxes are important or to
the equatorial regime where f is small enough to invalidate the geostrophic
approximation. The discussion of the next two chapters centers on these
issues.
References
Armi, L. and Stommel, H., 1983: Four views of a portion of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre.
J. Phys. Ocean., 13, 828-857.
Bryan, K., 1987: Potential vorticity in models of the ocean circulation. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 113,
713-734.
Cox, M.D., 1985: An eddy resolving model of the ventilated thermocline. J. Phys. Ocean., 15, 13121324.
Cox, M.D. and Bryan K., 1984: A numerical model of the ventilated thermocline. J. Phys. Ocean.,
14, 674-687.
Cushman-Roisin, B., 1987: Subduction In: Dynamics of the oceanic mixed layer. Eds. Muller P. and
Henderson, D. Hawaii Inst. of Geophys. special publication. Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulo.
De Szoeke, R.A. 1987: On the wind-driven circulation of the South Pacific ocean. J. Phys. Ocean,
17, 613--630.
Haynes, P. H. and Mcintyre, M. E., 1987: On the evolution of vorticity and potential vorticity in the
presence of diabatic heating and frictional or other forces. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 828-841.
Huang, R.X., 1988: On boundary value problems of the ideal-fluid thermocline. J. Phys. Ocean.,
18, 619-641.
Huang, R.X., 1989a: The generalized eastern boundary conditions and the three-dimensional
structure of the ideal fluid thermocline. J. Geophys. Res, 94, 4855-4865.
Huang, R.X., 1989b: On the three- dimensional structure of the wind-driven circulation in the
North Atlantic. Dyn. Atmos. and Oceans., 15, 117-159.
Huang, R.X., 1991: The three dimensional structure of the wind-driven gyres: ventilation and
subduction. Rev. ofGeophys., (Supplement) U.S. National report to the International Union
of Geodesy and Geophysics., 590--609.
Iselin, C.O'D, 1939: The influence of vertical and lateral turbulence on the characteristics of the
waters at mid-depths. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Un., 20, 414-417.
Jenkins, W. J., 1998: Studying subtropical Thermocline ventilation and Circulation using Tritium and
3 He. J. Geophys. Res, in press.
Ledwell, J., Watson, A.J. and Law, C. S., 1993: Evidence for slow mixing across the pycnocline from
an open-ocean tracer release experiment. Nature, 364, 701-703.
Levitus, S., 1982: Climatological Atlas of the World Ocean. NOAA Prof. paper 13, U.S. Govt.
Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 173 pp.
Liu, Z.L. and Pedlosky, J., 1994: Thermocline forced by annual and decadal surface temperature
variation. J. Phys. Ocean., 24, 587-608.
Liu, Z.L., Pedlosky, J., Marshall, D. and Warncke, T., 1993: On the feedback of the Rhines-Young
pool on the ventilated thermocline. J. Phys. Ocean., 23, 1592-1596.
Lozier, M.S., Owens, W.B., and Curry, R.G., (1996): The climatology of the North Atlantic. Prog
Oceanogr 36: 1-44.
Luyten, J.R., Pedlosky, J. and Stommel, H., 1983: The ventilated thermocline. J. Phys. Ocean., 13,
292-309.