248
Index
South Atlantic Ocean, 4, 5, 11, 170, 172, 192
South Atlantic Ventilation Experiment (SAVE),
166
Southern Ocean, 4, 6, 8, 35, 60, 213
Southern Oscillation. See El Ni˜ no-Southern
Oscillation phenomenon
South Indian Ocean, 168, 172
South Pacific Ocean, 8, 62, 128, 168, 172,
193
Soviet Union, 154–55
Speed logs, 54
Spelman, Mike, 38
Spiesberger, J. L., 126, 128
Spindel, R., 123, 130, 132
Sputnik (satellite), 153, 154, 156, 159
SST. See Sea Surface Temperature
Starr, Victor, 182
STD, 19–20, 21, 25, 51, 52, 104
Steele, J., 190
Steinberg, C., 122
Stern, Melvin, 102, 148
Stewart, Robert, 189, 197–198
Stommel, Henry (Hank), 8, 10, 11, 16, 17, 18, 20,
29, 32, 38, 46–47, 50, 60, 102–3, 104, 105,
106–7, 108–9, 110, 113, 115, 139, 141,
144–45, 146–49, 156, 157, 160, 166, 168,
174, 183, 197–98n9, 218, 219, 220,
226
Stone, Peter, 104
Storch, Hans von, 232
Storm Transfer and Response Experiment
(STREX), 56, 85, 87
Straits of Florida, 7, 122
Straits of Gibraltar, 5, 167, 168
STREX. See Storm Transfer and Response
Experiment
Suarez, Max, 159
Subarctic gyres, 3, 8, 173
Subduction Experiment, 192
Sumi, Akimasa, 88
S¨ undermann, J¨ urgen, 232
Surface drifters, 56–57, 59
Surface heat fluxes, 67–77
greenhouse model validation with, 75–77
measuring and checking, 69–70
mismatch problem in study, 70
TOGA-COARE accuracy transfer and, 70–73
Surface Velocity Program, 62
Sutton, P. J., 126
Sverdrup, Harrold U., 7, 9–10, 11, 29, 120, 140,
144, 156, 167, 169, 174, 175, 208, 216
Sverdrup relation, 145, 146
Sverdrup transport, 144, 166, 167, 213
Swallow, John, 17, 19, 20, 21, 46–47, 50, 62, 63,
105, 110, 169, 174
Swamp models, 184
Synoptic scales, 35
Taft, Bruce, 53–54, 86, 87, 110, 115
Takano, K., 35, 36, 37
Takeuchi, Kensuke, 88
Talley, L. D., 170, 172
TAO Array. See Tropical Atmosphere Ocean
array
TAO Implementation Panel (TIP), 91,
92
Tasman Sea, 131, 213
Tellus, 141
Temperature, 4, 5, 6, 7, 61. See also Sea Surface
Temperature; STD
Thayer, Mary, 17
Thermistor chains
drifting, 83, 85–88
moored, 86
Thermocline theory, 139–51
layer models of, 143–49
modern (1959–80), 141–43
Thermohaline circulation, 38, 230
THETIS-2, 133
Thompson, R. J., 181, 184
TOGA. See Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere
system
Toggweiler, Robbie, 40
Tomczak, M., 206
TOPEX, 214, 216, 220
TOPEX/POSEIDON, 133, 186, 193, 195
TOPEX Science Working Group, 196
Trade winds, 80, 81, 84, 158, 214
Transient Tracers in the Ocean (TTO), 166
TRANSPAC XBT program, 54
Tritium, 185
TRITON Array, 62–63, 95
Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) array, 54, 57,
62–63, 88–95, 159, 199, 227
Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA)
system, 46, 52, 56, 62, 88–94, 113, 189, 199,
227. See also Tropical Atmosphere Ocean
array
Tropic Heat, 113
Tsuchiya, M., 170, 171, 172
Tsunamis, 113
Turner, Stuart, 46
Index
South Atlantic Ocean, 4, 5, 11, 170, 172, 192
South Atlantic Ventilation Experiment (SAVE),
166
Southern Ocean, 4, 6, 8, 35, 60, 213
Southern Oscillation. See El Ni˜ no-Southern
Oscillation phenomenon
South Indian Ocean, 168, 172
South Pacific Ocean, 8, 62, 128, 168, 172,
193
Soviet Union, 154–55
Speed logs, 54
Spelman, Mike, 38
Spiesberger, J. L., 126, 128
Spindel, R., 123, 130, 132
Sputnik (satellite), 153, 154, 156, 159
SST. See Sea Surface Temperature
Starr, Victor, 182
STD, 19–20, 21, 25, 51, 52, 104
Steele, J., 190
Steinberg, C., 122
Stern, Melvin, 102, 148
Stewart, Robert, 189, 197–198
Stommel, Henry (Hank), 8, 10, 11, 16, 17, 18, 20,
29, 32, 38, 46–47, 50, 60, 102–3, 104, 105,
106–7, 108–9, 110, 113, 115, 139, 141,
144–45, 146–49, 156, 157, 160, 166, 168,
174, 183, 197–98n9, 218, 219, 220,
226
Stone, Peter, 104
Storch, Hans von, 232
Storm Transfer and Response Experiment
(STREX), 56, 85, 87
Straits of Florida, 7, 122
Straits of Gibraltar, 5, 167, 168
STREX. See Storm Transfer and Response
Experiment
Suarez, Max, 159
Subarctic gyres, 3, 8, 173
Subduction Experiment, 192
Sumi, Akimasa, 88
S¨ undermann, J¨ urgen, 232
Surface drifters, 56–57, 59
Surface heat fluxes, 67–77
greenhouse model validation with, 75–77
measuring and checking, 69–70
mismatch problem in study, 70
TOGA-COARE accuracy transfer and, 70–73
Surface Velocity Program, 62
Sutton, P. J., 126
Sverdrup, Harrold U., 7, 9–10, 11, 29, 120, 140,
144, 156, 167, 169, 174, 175, 208, 216
Sverdrup relation, 145, 146
Sverdrup transport, 144, 166, 167, 213
Swallow, John, 17, 19, 20, 21, 46–47, 50, 62, 63,
105, 110, 169, 174
Swamp models, 184
Synoptic scales, 35
Taft, Bruce, 53–54, 86, 87, 110, 115
Takano, K., 35, 36, 37
Takeuchi, Kensuke, 88
Talley, L. D., 170, 172
TAO Array. See Tropical Atmosphere Ocean
array
TAO Implementation Panel (TIP), 91,
92
Tasman Sea, 131, 213
Tellus, 141
Temperature, 4, 5, 6, 7, 61. See also Sea Surface
Temperature; STD
Thayer, Mary, 17
Thermistor chains
drifting, 83, 85–88
moored, 86
Thermocline theory, 139–51
layer models of, 143–49
modern (1959–80), 141–43
Thermohaline circulation, 38, 230
THETIS-2, 133
Thompson, R. J., 181, 184
TOGA. See Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere
system
Toggweiler, Robbie, 40
Tomczak, M., 206
TOPEX, 214, 216, 220
TOPEX/POSEIDON, 133, 186, 193, 195
TOPEX Science Working Group, 196
Trade winds, 80, 81, 84, 158, 214
Transient Tracers in the Ocean (TTO), 166
TRANSPAC XBT program, 54
Tritium, 185
TRITON Array, 62–63, 95
Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) array, 54, 57,
62–63, 88–95, 159, 199, 227
Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA)
system, 46, 52, 56, 62, 88–94, 113, 189, 199,
227. See also Tropical Atmosphere Ocean
array
Tropic Heat, 113
Tsuchiya, M., 170, 171, 172
Tsunamis, 113
Turner, Stuart, 46