176
Joseph L. Reid
Inverse models along ocean transects on a single line can balance transport in
many ways, and provide various estimates of heat transport. But which is correct?
Some ancient logician has shown that the deductive method has no right to its
starting point, and the inductive method no right to its conclusion. So much for logic.
We need to measure, look, and test as well, using any means at hand.
We won’t have a good estimate of the heat transport until we have the water
going the right way.
REFERENCES
Burkov, V. A., 1972. General Circulation of the Pacific Ocean Waters. The Academy of Sciences of the
U.S.S.R., P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanoglogy, Publishing House “Nauka,” Moscow, 195 pp.
Burkov, V. A., 1980. Obshchaya Tsirkulyatsiya Mirovogo Okeanna. (General Circulation of the World
Ocean). Translated from Russian. Published for the Division of Ocean Sciences, National Science
Foundation, Washington, DC, by Amerind Publishing Co. New Delhi, 256 pp.
Coats, D. A., 1981. An estimate of absolute geostrophic velocity from the density field in the northeastern
Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 86, 8031–8036.
Deacon, G. E. R., 1937. The hydrology of the Southern Ocean. Discovery Reports 15, 1–124, pl. I–XLIV.
Defant, A., 1941a. Die relative Topographie einzelner Dr¨ uckflachen im Atlantischen Ozean. Quantitative
Untersuchungen zur Statik und Dynamik des Atlantischen Ozeans. Wiss. Ergebn. Dtsch. Atl. Exped.
“Meteor” 6(2) (4), 183–190, Beilagen X–XVIII.
Defant, A., 1941b. Die absolute Topographie des physikalischen Meeresniveaus und der Dr¨ uckflachen
sowie die Wasserbewegungen im Raum des Atlantischen Ozeans. Quantitative Untersuchungen zur
Statik und Dynamik des Atlantischen Ozeans. Wiss. Ergebn. Dtsch. Atl. Exped. “Meteor” 6(2) (5),
191–260, Beilagen XIX–XXIX.
Dietrich, G., 1936. Aufbau und Bewegung von Golstrom und Agulhasstrom, eine vergleichende Betrachtung. Naturwissenschaften 24, 225–230.
Dietrich, G., 1969. Atlas of the Hydrography of the Northern Atlantic Ocean. Based on the Polar Front
Survey of the International Geophysical Year, Winter and Summer 1958. Conseil International Pour
l’Exploration de la Mer, Service Hydrographique, 140 pp.
Edmond, J. M., and G. C. Anderson, 1971. On the structure of the North Atlantic Deep Water. Deep-Sea
Res. 18, 127–133.
Fieux, M., R. Molcard, and A. G. Ilahude, 1996. Geostrophic transport of the Pacific-Indian Oceans
throughflow. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 12,421–12, 432.
Fine, R. A., K. A. Maillet, K. F. Sullivan, and D. Willey, 2001. Circulation and ventilation flux of the
Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 22,159–22, 178.
Fleming, J. A., H. U. Sverdrup, C. C. Ennis, S. L. Seaton, and W. C. Hendri, 1945. Observations and
results in physical oceanography, graphical and tabular summaries, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 545,
Scientific results of cruise VII of the Carnegie during 1928–1929 under command of Captain J. P.
Ault, Oceanography-I-B, 315 pp.
Fuglister, F. C., 1960. Atlantic Ocean atlas of temperature and salinity profiles and data from the International Geophysical Year of 1957–1958. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Atlas Series, 1,
209 pp.
Gordon, A. L., E. Molinelli, and T. Baker, 1978. Large-scale relative dynamic topography of the Southern
Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 83, 3023–3032.
Helland-Hansen, B., and F. Nansen, 1927. The Eastern North Atlantic. The cruises of the “Armauer
Hansen”, No. 1. Geofys. Pub1. 4, 1–76, 71 plates.
Joseph L. Reid
Inverse models along ocean transects on a single line can balance transport in
many ways, and provide various estimates of heat transport. But which is correct?
Some ancient logician has shown that the deductive method has no right to its
starting point, and the inductive method no right to its conclusion. So much for logic.
We need to measure, look, and test as well, using any means at hand.
We won’t have a good estimate of the heat transport until we have the water
going the right way.
REFERENCES
Burkov, V. A., 1972. General Circulation of the Pacific Ocean Waters. The Academy of Sciences of the
U.S.S.R., P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanoglogy, Publishing House “Nauka,” Moscow, 195 pp.
Burkov, V. A., 1980. Obshchaya Tsirkulyatsiya Mirovogo Okeanna. (General Circulation of the World
Ocean). Translated from Russian. Published for the Division of Ocean Sciences, National Science
Foundation, Washington, DC, by Amerind Publishing Co. New Delhi, 256 pp.
Coats, D. A., 1981. An estimate of absolute geostrophic velocity from the density field in the northeastern
Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 86, 8031–8036.
Deacon, G. E. R., 1937. The hydrology of the Southern Ocean. Discovery Reports 15, 1–124, pl. I–XLIV.
Defant, A., 1941a. Die relative Topographie einzelner Dr¨ uckflachen im Atlantischen Ozean. Quantitative
Untersuchungen zur Statik und Dynamik des Atlantischen Ozeans. Wiss. Ergebn. Dtsch. Atl. Exped.
“Meteor” 6(2) (4), 183–190, Beilagen X–XVIII.
Defant, A., 1941b. Die absolute Topographie des physikalischen Meeresniveaus und der Dr¨ uckflachen
sowie die Wasserbewegungen im Raum des Atlantischen Ozeans. Quantitative Untersuchungen zur
Statik und Dynamik des Atlantischen Ozeans. Wiss. Ergebn. Dtsch. Atl. Exped. “Meteor” 6(2) (5),
191–260, Beilagen XIX–XXIX.
Dietrich, G., 1936. Aufbau und Bewegung von Golstrom und Agulhasstrom, eine vergleichende Betrachtung. Naturwissenschaften 24, 225–230.
Dietrich, G., 1969. Atlas of the Hydrography of the Northern Atlantic Ocean. Based on the Polar Front
Survey of the International Geophysical Year, Winter and Summer 1958. Conseil International Pour
l’Exploration de la Mer, Service Hydrographique, 140 pp.
Edmond, J. M., and G. C. Anderson, 1971. On the structure of the North Atlantic Deep Water. Deep-Sea
Res. 18, 127–133.
Fieux, M., R. Molcard, and A. G. Ilahude, 1996. Geostrophic transport of the Pacific-Indian Oceans
throughflow. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 12,421–12, 432.
Fine, R. A., K. A. Maillet, K. F. Sullivan, and D. Willey, 2001. Circulation and ventilation flux of the
Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 22,159–22, 178.
Fleming, J. A., H. U. Sverdrup, C. C. Ennis, S. L. Seaton, and W. C. Hendri, 1945. Observations and
results in physical oceanography, graphical and tabular summaries, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 545,
Scientific results of cruise VII of the Carnegie during 1928–1929 under command of Captain J. P.
Ault, Oceanography-I-B, 315 pp.
Fuglister, F. C., 1960. Atlantic Ocean atlas of temperature and salinity profiles and data from the International Geophysical Year of 1957–1958. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Atlas Series, 1,
209 pp.
Gordon, A. L., E. Molinelli, and T. Baker, 1978. Large-scale relative dynamic topography of the Southern
Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 83, 3023–3032.
Helland-Hansen, B., and F. Nansen, 1927. The Eastern North Atlantic. The cruises of the “Armauer
Hansen”, No. 1. Geofys. Pub1. 4, 1–76, 71 plates.