730
Subject Index
calcium carbonate 25-26,65,318,323-324,331-335
accumulation 414, 415
content in surface sediments 264,278
dissolution 10, 14,23,25,26,255-284,323-324
production 318, 331-335
Cape Basin 243, 452
benthic fOl'aminifer-li"C 248-249
nitrogen isotopes, stable (o"N) 449, 459
Cape Blanc region
diatom flux 372-374, 378, 381
flux of planktic foraminifera 194-195
interannual temperature variation 197-200
organic carbon flux 204
pteropod flux 194
radiolarian flux 371
seasonal SST variation 197-200
silicoflagellate flux 371
stable isotopes of pteropods 194-195, 196-203
Cape Verde region
diatom flux 372, 374, 381
carbon cycle 519, 701-703, 709
carbon demand 472
carbon dioxide 256-258, 315-316, 335
carbon dioxide partial pressure 469, 470
atmospheric 35-37, 255, 469-472, 513, SIS
pre-industrial 473, 477
surface water(PCO,) 35-37, 59-60, 255, 469, 470,
473,481,513
in the Late Quaternary 479-483
proxies for, 35-38, 59-60, 469-488
reconstruction of, 35-38, 474-476
carbon isotope(s), stable (o"C) 428, 471,475,514-519,601,
606, 702-703, 710
global reservoir(s) 231-232, 244
in benthic foraminifera, see b.f.
in planktic foraminifera, see p.f.
in pteropods, see pteropods
dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) 21-23, 31,
202-204,230-240,241,242,428-430,513-514
distribution in freshwater 430
distribution in the ocean 428-430
relationship to phosphate 230-231, 234
organic carbon 551-552, 560-565
alkenone-o"C 469-488
bulk-o"C". 35-36, 68, 463, 469, 470,
471,473,480
fractionation 470-471, 474-475, 477
sterol 50S
terrestrial organic matter 462
'phytodetritus effect' 235-237, 241, 242, 244, 247
thermodynamic effect 230, 232-235
fractionation 22, 23, 29, 32
carbonate chemistry, ocean water 489, 494-496
carbonate content(s), in surface sediments 255, 259-260,
267,269-270,272,275,278
carbonate dissolution cycles 603-604
carbonate dissolution, see calcium carbonate
carbonate ion content, in ocean water 257, 263, 265, 270,
278,513-522
carbonate preservation 255, 259, 261
'carbonate pump' 257
Caribbean
carbon isotopes, stable (o"C) 441-442
Cd/Ca ratio 2, 19, 31, 59, 62
Ceara Rise 609-615, 621-628, 637-639
biogenic barium 358,360
magnetic minerals 585
mass accumulation rate(s) 413-414
radionuclides 414
sea surface temperatures (SST) 72, 272
CEARIS Stack 609-615, 621-628
cell geometry, influence on carbon isotopes 470, 471
Chaetoeeros /orenzianus 373
Chaetoeeros radicans 373, 374
Chaetoceros resting spores 373, 374, 386
charcoal 548, 561, 565, 567
Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae 527, 529, 530
chlorophyll filaments 372-374
chronostratigraphy 576, 603-615, 639, 651-652
Cibicidoides (Fontbotia) wuellerstorfi 20-21,30,32-33,
299,304
Cibicidoides spp. 231, 235-237, 241, 242, 249, 250
Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) 240, 266, 288-292
clay minerals 23-24, 61, 67, 285-308
clientiserver 715, 720-722
CLIMAP '2000', 687-689, 708-710
CLIMAP 2, 5, 8-10,12,28,687
climate change(s) 637, 645, 652, 687
Clio pyramidata 192-193
cluster analysis 74, 77, 80-85, 584-585
coastal upwelling 370, 372, 377, 380, 387, 450
coccolith(s) 117-119, 127-129, 130-144
accumulation rates 125, 130-132
numbers 122-125, 129-140
coccolithophore(s) 10, IS, 117-144, 261, 263, 471, 475
deep-dwelling species 118
dilution/filtering technique 122, 123
dissolution, 261-263
geographic distribution, 127-130
lower photic zone flora (LPZ) 128-129, 131-132
preservation, 256, 260
standing stock 124
Congo River 581-585
correlation 576, 603, 606, 610-615
culture experiments 471, 475, 491, 494-496
cyclostratigraphy 602-615
Dahomey gap 531
Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles 612, 627-628
database 717-718, 720-722
deep-sea corals 12, 13
deep-water circulation 19-21, 32, 264-267, 289
in the Late Quaternary 243-250, 293-296
from kaolinite/chlorite ratio 285-313
modern 232-235
proxies for, 229-254
deglacial carbon isotope minimum 437, 439, 440, 442
denitrification, see nitrogen isotopes
depositional flux 394
diagenesis 4, 34, 352, 354-355
anoxic 352, 354
effect on o"N 34, 454, 457
oxic 352
reductive 576, 586-596, 602, 615-616, 637, 639,
645-646
suboxic 352
diamagnetic 576-577, 581-584
Subject Index
calcium carbonate 25-26,65,318,323-324,331-335
accumulation 414, 415
content in surface sediments 264,278
dissolution 10, 14,23,25,26,255-284,323-324
production 318, 331-335
Cape Basin 243, 452
benthic fOl'aminifer-li"C 248-249
nitrogen isotopes, stable (o"N) 449, 459
Cape Blanc region
diatom flux 372-374, 378, 381
flux of planktic foraminifera 194-195
interannual temperature variation 197-200
organic carbon flux 204
pteropod flux 194
radiolarian flux 371
seasonal SST variation 197-200
silicoflagellate flux 371
stable isotopes of pteropods 194-195, 196-203
Cape Verde region
diatom flux 372, 374, 381
carbon cycle 519, 701-703, 709
carbon demand 472
carbon dioxide 256-258, 315-316, 335
carbon dioxide partial pressure 469, 470
atmospheric 35-37, 255, 469-472, 513, SIS
pre-industrial 473, 477
surface water(PCO,) 35-37, 59-60, 255, 469, 470,
473,481,513
in the Late Quaternary 479-483
proxies for, 35-38, 59-60, 469-488
reconstruction of, 35-38, 474-476
carbon isotope(s), stable (o"C) 428, 471,475,514-519,601,
606, 702-703, 710
global reservoir(s) 231-232, 244
in benthic foraminifera, see b.f.
in planktic foraminifera, see p.f.
in pteropods, see pteropods
dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) 21-23, 31,
202-204,230-240,241,242,428-430,513-514
distribution in freshwater 430
distribution in the ocean 428-430
relationship to phosphate 230-231, 234
organic carbon 551-552, 560-565
alkenone-o"C 469-488
bulk-o"C". 35-36, 68, 463, 469, 470,
471,473,480
fractionation 470-471, 474-475, 477
sterol 50S
terrestrial organic matter 462
'phytodetritus effect' 235-237, 241, 242, 244, 247
thermodynamic effect 230, 232-235
fractionation 22, 23, 29, 32
carbonate chemistry, ocean water 489, 494-496
carbonate content(s), in surface sediments 255, 259-260,
267,269-270,272,275,278
carbonate dissolution cycles 603-604
carbonate dissolution, see calcium carbonate
carbonate ion content, in ocean water 257, 263, 265, 270,
278,513-522
carbonate preservation 255, 259, 261
'carbonate pump' 257
Caribbean
carbon isotopes, stable (o"C) 441-442
Cd/Ca ratio 2, 19, 31, 59, 62
Ceara Rise 609-615, 621-628, 637-639
biogenic barium 358,360
magnetic minerals 585
mass accumulation rate(s) 413-414
radionuclides 414
sea surface temperatures (SST) 72, 272
CEARIS Stack 609-615, 621-628
cell geometry, influence on carbon isotopes 470, 471
Chaetoeeros /orenzianus 373
Chaetoeeros radicans 373, 374
Chaetoceros resting spores 373, 374, 386
charcoal 548, 561, 565, 567
Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae 527, 529, 530
chlorophyll filaments 372-374
chronostratigraphy 576, 603-615, 639, 651-652
Cibicidoides (Fontbotia) wuellerstorfi 20-21,30,32-33,
299,304
Cibicidoides spp. 231, 235-237, 241, 242, 249, 250
Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) 240, 266, 288-292
clay minerals 23-24, 61, 67, 285-308
clientiserver 715, 720-722
CLIMAP '2000', 687-689, 708-710
CLIMAP 2, 5, 8-10,12,28,687
climate change(s) 637, 645, 652, 687
Clio pyramidata 192-193
cluster analysis 74, 77, 80-85, 584-585
coastal upwelling 370, 372, 377, 380, 387, 450
coccolith(s) 117-119, 127-129, 130-144
accumulation rates 125, 130-132
numbers 122-125, 129-140
coccolithophore(s) 10, IS, 117-144, 261, 263, 471, 475
deep-dwelling species 118
dilution/filtering technique 122, 123
dissolution, 261-263
geographic distribution, 127-130
lower photic zone flora (LPZ) 128-129, 131-132
preservation, 256, 260
standing stock 124
Congo River 581-585
correlation 576, 603, 606, 610-615
culture experiments 471, 475, 491, 494-496
cyclostratigraphy 602-615
Dahomey gap 531
Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles 612, 627-628
database 717-718, 720-722
deep-sea corals 12, 13
deep-water circulation 19-21, 32, 264-267, 289
in the Late Quaternary 243-250, 293-296
from kaolinite/chlorite ratio 285-313
modern 232-235
proxies for, 229-254
deglacial carbon isotope minimum 437, 439, 440, 442
denitrification, see nitrogen isotopes
depositional flux 394
diagenesis 4, 34, 352, 354-355
anoxic 352, 354
effect on o"N 34, 454, 457
oxic 352
reductive 576, 586-596, 602, 615-616, 637, 639,
645-646
suboxic 352
diamagnetic 576-577, 581-584