Subject Index
advection of water masses 413
African Easterly Jet (AEJ) 527, 529
Afromontane 528, 538, 539
Agulhas Basin
benthic foraminifer-8 i3 C 248-249
Agulhas Current 664
AliTi ratio 66
Alchornea 538
alkalinity 37-38, 58, 257, 494, 497, 514, 517
proxies for, 58
'alkalinity pump' 257
alkenones (C37) 15-17, 57,137,469,471,474
stable carbon isotopes (8 i3 C), see carbon isotopes
U k l'1,7 Index 15-17,57,71, 88, 117, 118, 133-138,453
alpha spectrometry 405
Amazon River 581-585, 609, 627, 637, 639
Anabena sp. (Cyanobacteria) 456
Angola Basin 243,450,469,472
alkenone-Ii i3 C 480-484
bulk-8 i3 C", 463, 480-481
nitrogen isotopes, stable W'N) 447, 459, 461, 482
paleoproductivity 481-484
sea surface temperature reconstruction 461
surface water ?CO, reconstruction 480-484
Angola Benguela Front (ABF) 2,100,103-105,450,452,453
Angola Current (AC) 92, 100, 103,450
Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) 20-21, 23, 240, 264,
266-267,288-289,291,603,610,657,666,670,675,
677,678,679,682,694
Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) 19, 167-168,265,
267,288,409,410,416,664
reconstruction from kaolinite/chlorite ratio 306
Antarctic continental margin
biogenic Barium 356-357
Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) 291, 670, 675, 677, 678
Antarctic Polar Front (APF) 167-168,237,241-242,246-250
Antarctic Surface Water (AASW) 657
Antarctic Zone (AZ) 167-168
antiferromagnetic 577, 602
Apparent Oxygen Utilization (AOU) 264, 265
aridity 38
Artemisia 526
Artificial Neural Networks 57, 207, 214-218, 224
Asteroideae, tubuliflorous composites 526
atmosphere 689, 691-693
atmospheric peol • see carbon dioxide partial pressure
Aulacoseira granulata 373, 380, 386
Aulaeoseira islandica 373, 380
Azpeitia barronii 380, 382
Azpeitia neocrenulata 373, 383
Azpeitia nodulifera 380, 382
Azpeitia tabularis 373, 383
Ba/ AI ratio 27
Ba/Ca ratio 38, 58, 361
bacteria 448, 456
barite 27-28, 63, 346-347
authigenic 352, 354
fronts 354-355
grains, crystals 347, 352
barium
accumulation rates 346, 418
biogenic 26-27,345,346-351
detrital 345, 349-351
dissolved, water column 346-348
flux 346, 348, 350
influence of diagenesis 352-355
non-biogenic 349
particulate, water columu 348
spikes in sediment cores 358-359
TOC/Bab;o ratios 347-349
basin ventilation 399
Benguela Coastal Current (BCC) 154, 450, 452, 453
Benguela Current (BC) 92, 100, 103-105,452
Benguela Oceanic Current (BOC) 154, 452
Benguela upwelling 438-440, 450, 593-596
Benthic Boundary Layer (BBL) 258
benthic foraminifera 1-2, 19-22,28,64,229-254
carbon isotopes, stable (8i3C) 19-23,64,231,235-251
'phytodetritus effect' 23, 235-237, 241, 242,
244,247
dissolution 260-261
oxygen isotopes, stable (8180) 670-677
Bicarinellum tricarinelloides 155
biogenic opal (silica) 26-27,65,365-388,402
accumulation rate(s) 27, 419
dissolution 27, 366, 380, 382, 387
flux 368, 372, 375, 376, 377
preservation 367, 388
biological production 63-65
'biological pump' 30,257,316,514,517
biomarker(s) 37
lignin 68
terrestrial 557-558
biomineralization 576, 588
bioturbation 609, 615, 620, 637, 646-648
Bond cycles 612, 627-628
boron isotopes, stable (8 ll B) 37, 58, 59
bottom currents 403
bottom-water circulation 19,60-61
in the Late Quaternary 242-246
modem 232-235, 240-242, 288
proxies for, 60-61, 229-254
boundary conditions 207, 689-690, 708
boundary scavenging 411, 412, 420
Brazil Basin 122,243-245,248
Brazil Slope 72
b-value, carbon isotope fractionation 469, 472, 476, 479, 481
C/N ratios, see organic matter
C4 plants 547, 552, 564-565, 567-568
Calcicarpinum bivalvum 146
Calcid!scus leptoporus 255, 269, 276, 278
calcification temperature, planktic foraminifera 169
Calciodinellum operosum 155, 156, 158, 159
Calciperidinium asymmetricum 146
calcite 148, 149
saturation 257, 263
transition zone 258, 270, 272, 273, 278
Calcite Compensation Depth (CCD) 257,258,274
calcite dissolution index
of Calcid;scus leptoporus - Emilianla huxleyi 255,
276-278
of Glob;gerina bullo;des 255, 274, 276, 278
calcite lysocline 61, 257, 270, 274,275,323-324
advection of water masses 413
African Easterly Jet (AEJ) 527, 529
Afromontane 528, 538, 539
Agulhas Basin
benthic foraminifer-8 i3 C 248-249
Agulhas Current 664
AliTi ratio 66
Alchornea 538
alkalinity 37-38, 58, 257, 494, 497, 514, 517
proxies for, 58
'alkalinity pump' 257
alkenones (C37) 15-17, 57,137,469,471,474
stable carbon isotopes (8 i3 C), see carbon isotopes
U k l'1,7 Index 15-17,57,71, 88, 117, 118, 133-138,453
alpha spectrometry 405
Amazon River 581-585, 609, 627, 637, 639
Anabena sp. (Cyanobacteria) 456
Angola Basin 243,450,469,472
alkenone-Ii i3 C 480-484
bulk-8 i3 C", 463, 480-481
nitrogen isotopes, stable W'N) 447, 459, 461, 482
paleoproductivity 481-484
sea surface temperature reconstruction 461
surface water ?CO, reconstruction 480-484
Angola Benguela Front (ABF) 2,100,103-105,450,452,453
Angola Current (AC) 92, 100, 103,450
Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) 20-21, 23, 240, 264,
266-267,288-289,291,603,610,657,666,670,675,
677,678,679,682,694
Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) 19, 167-168,265,
267,288,409,410,416,664
reconstruction from kaolinite/chlorite ratio 306
Antarctic continental margin
biogenic Barium 356-357
Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) 291, 670, 675, 677, 678
Antarctic Polar Front (APF) 167-168,237,241-242,246-250
Antarctic Surface Water (AASW) 657
Antarctic Zone (AZ) 167-168
antiferromagnetic 577, 602
Apparent Oxygen Utilization (AOU) 264, 265
aridity 38
Artemisia 526
Artificial Neural Networks 57, 207, 214-218, 224
Asteroideae, tubuliflorous composites 526
atmosphere 689, 691-693
atmospheric peol • see carbon dioxide partial pressure
Aulacoseira granulata 373, 380, 386
Aulaeoseira islandica 373, 380
Azpeitia barronii 380, 382
Azpeitia neocrenulata 373, 383
Azpeitia nodulifera 380, 382
Azpeitia tabularis 373, 383
Ba/ AI ratio 27
Ba/Ca ratio 38, 58, 361
bacteria 448, 456
barite 27-28, 63, 346-347
authigenic 352, 354
fronts 354-355
grains, crystals 347, 352
barium
accumulation rates 346, 418
biogenic 26-27,345,346-351
detrital 345, 349-351
dissolved, water column 346-348
flux 346, 348, 350
influence of diagenesis 352-355
non-biogenic 349
particulate, water columu 348
spikes in sediment cores 358-359
TOC/Bab;o ratios 347-349
basin ventilation 399
Benguela Coastal Current (BCC) 154, 450, 452, 453
Benguela Current (BC) 92, 100, 103-105,452
Benguela Oceanic Current (BOC) 154, 452
Benguela upwelling 438-440, 450, 593-596
Benthic Boundary Layer (BBL) 258
benthic foraminifera 1-2, 19-22,28,64,229-254
carbon isotopes, stable (8i3C) 19-23,64,231,235-251
'phytodetritus effect' 23, 235-237, 241, 242,
244,247
dissolution 260-261
oxygen isotopes, stable (8180) 670-677
Bicarinellum tricarinelloides 155
biogenic opal (silica) 26-27,65,365-388,402
accumulation rate(s) 27, 419
dissolution 27, 366, 380, 382, 387
flux 368, 372, 375, 376, 377
preservation 367, 388
biological production 63-65
'biological pump' 30,257,316,514,517
biomarker(s) 37
lignin 68
terrestrial 557-558
biomineralization 576, 588
bioturbation 609, 615, 620, 637, 646-648
Bond cycles 612, 627-628
boron isotopes, stable (8 ll B) 37, 58, 59
bottom currents 403
bottom-water circulation 19,60-61
in the Late Quaternary 242-246
modem 232-235, 240-242, 288
proxies for, 60-61, 229-254
boundary conditions 207, 689-690, 708
boundary scavenging 411, 412, 420
Brazil Basin 122,243-245,248
Brazil Slope 72
b-value, carbon isotope fractionation 469, 472, 476, 479, 481
C/N ratios, see organic matter
C4 plants 547, 552, 564-565, 567-568
Calcicarpinum bivalvum 146
Calcid!scus leptoporus 255, 269, 276, 278
calcification temperature, planktic foraminifera 169
Calciodinellum operosum 155, 156, 158, 159
Calciperidinium asymmetricum 146
calcite 148, 149
saturation 257, 263
transition zone 258, 270, 272, 273, 278
Calcite Compensation Depth (CCD) 257,258,274
calcite dissolution index
of Calcid;scus leptoporus - Emilianla huxleyi 255,
276-278
of Glob;gerina bullo;des 255, 274, 276, 278
calcite lysocline 61, 257, 270, 274,275,323-324