Parameter
Proxy
Basic
assumption(sl Empirical relationship
Selected reference(s)'
PCO,
17
o 13
Corg and
based on CO, -
peo
l = 10(fp-b)fa)
Popp et a1. (1989);
(surface
biomarker-o l3
C
dependent
Jasper and Hayes (1990;
ocean)
(paleo-pCO,
fractionation (Ep)
of
1994);
barometers)
photosynthetically
Stott (1992);
produced Corg or
Jasper et a1. (1994);
biomarkers (geoporRau (1994)
phyrines; alkenones)
Popp et aJ. (1998);
Andersen et
aJ. (this
volume)
Oceanographic Properties
sea level
18
"dating drowned
1) Acropora spp. live correlation
of the
Fairbanks (1989);
coral reefs"
in the upper few
relative position and
Bard et aJ. (1990a)
meters
of the water
absolute dates
of
column
Acropora spp. in fossil
2) Acropora spp.
reefs yealds a sea level
follow sealevel change curve
19
Bl80ice-corc
1) "Dole-effect" is
if 1) and 2) hold than
Sowers et aJ. (1991);
constant over climatic
&180,ce_core
traces changes Bender et aJ. (1994);
time-scales
in 6180water
(ice-volume) Sowers and Bender
2) &180ice_core
traces
(1995);
&lROatm.
Broecker and Henderson
(1998)
relative
20
[0,]
[02]
decreases as
in combination with
Berger (1970)
bottom water
bottom water ages
radiocarbon dating the
age
residence time can
be
(ventilation)
calculated
21
ol3C
lil3C of LCO, is
see 11 and 30
Arrhenius (1952);
negatively correlated
Kroopnick (1985);
with [0,] and [0,]
Bickert and Wefer
decreases as bottom
(1996)
water ages
22
[Cd/Cal
rCd/Ca] is positively
see 31
Boyle (1976; 1981;
correlated with [P04 2
-
1986; 1988);
J (see 31) and [PO,"]
Boyle et aJ. (1995)
increases as bottom
water ages
Precision (lab.
Accuracy3
reoroducib.)
see 30 and 51
±2~ollkg
(Rau 1994)
errors due to dating ±2.5 m
Bard et aJ.
(1990a)
±O.05
%0
?
(Sowers et
aJ. 1989)
semiquantitative
see
30
semi
quantitative
see 31
reproduc. on
replicate
picks
of
forams is
poorer than
analy-tical
precision
(Boyle 1995)
Piifalls
I) see 30
2) shape of the calibration curve
under discussion.
3) ep
also dependent on e.g. growthrate, cell size and geometry,
membrane diffusivity, carbon
concentrating mechanisms
4) additional problems when using
ol3
Corg
I) correction needed for eustatic
sealevel change
2) habitat range of A.
palmata is 5
m
assumption 2) is probably
unrealistic since the biota and
hydrological cycle change over
glacial-interglacial time scales
1) ventilation (partial equilibration
with atmosphere) along the flow
path
2) changes in productivity
1) see
30
2) epibenthic species should be
used!
3) relationship can be dccouplcd
by
changes in surface water
productivity (see 30)
I) contamination during sample
preparation (low concentration)
2) [Ca/Cd]/[PO,"] differ locally
3) effects of dissolution (McCorkle
et a\. 1995)
-
0\
o
~
~
...,
~
1"-
Proxy
Basic
assumption(sl Empirical relationship
Selected reference(s)'
PCO,
17
o 13
Corg and
based on CO, -
peo
l = 10(fp-b)fa)
Popp et a1. (1989);
(surface
biomarker-o l3
C
dependent
Jasper and Hayes (1990;
ocean)
(paleo-pCO,
fractionation (Ep)
of
1994);
barometers)
photosynthetically
Stott (1992);
produced Corg or
Jasper et a1. (1994);
biomarkers (geoporRau (1994)
phyrines; alkenones)
Popp et aJ. (1998);
Andersen et
aJ. (this
volume)
Oceanographic Properties
sea level
18
"dating drowned
1) Acropora spp. live correlation
of the
Fairbanks (1989);
coral reefs"
in the upper few
relative position and
Bard et aJ. (1990a)
meters
of the water
absolute dates
of
column
Acropora spp. in fossil
2) Acropora spp.
reefs yealds a sea level
follow sealevel change curve
19
Bl80ice-corc
1) "Dole-effect" is
if 1) and 2) hold than
Sowers et aJ. (1991);
constant over climatic
&180,ce_core
traces changes Bender et aJ. (1994);
time-scales
in 6180water
(ice-volume) Sowers and Bender
2) &180ice_core
traces
(1995);
&lROatm.
Broecker and Henderson
(1998)
relative
20
[0,]
[02]
decreases as
in combination with
Berger (1970)
bottom water
bottom water ages
radiocarbon dating the
age
residence time can
be
(ventilation)
calculated
21
ol3C
lil3C of LCO, is
see 11 and 30
Arrhenius (1952);
negatively correlated
Kroopnick (1985);
with [0,] and [0,]
Bickert and Wefer
decreases as bottom
(1996)
water ages
22
[Cd/Cal
rCd/Ca] is positively
see 31
Boyle (1976; 1981;
correlated with [P04 2
-
1986; 1988);
J (see 31) and [PO,"]
Boyle et aJ. (1995)
increases as bottom
water ages
Precision (lab.
Accuracy3
reoroducib.)
see 30 and 51
±2~ollkg
(Rau 1994)
errors due to dating ±2.5 m
Bard et aJ.
(1990a)
±O.05
%0
?
(Sowers et
aJ. 1989)
semiquantitative
see
30
semi
quantitative
see 31
reproduc. on
replicate
picks
of
forams is
poorer than
analy-tical
precision
(Boyle 1995)
Piifalls
I) see 30
2) shape of the calibration curve
under discussion.
3) ep
also dependent on e.g. growthrate, cell size and geometry,
membrane diffusivity, carbon
concentrating mechanisms
4) additional problems when using
ol3
Corg
I) correction needed for eustatic
sealevel change
2) habitat range of A.
palmata is 5
m
assumption 2) is probably
unrealistic since the biota and
hydrological cycle change over
glacial-interglacial time scales
1) ventilation (partial equilibration
with atmosphere) along the flow
path
2) changes in productivity
1) see
30
2) epibenthic species should be
used!
3) relationship can be dccouplcd
by
changes in surface water
productivity (see 30)
I) contamination during sample
preparation (low concentration)
2) [Ca/Cd]/[PO,"] differ locally
3) effects of dissolution (McCorkle
et a\. 1995)
-
0\
o
~
~
...,
~
1"-