Clues to Ocean History: a Brief Overview of Proxies
51
and the greenhouse effect: might they be connected?
Science 244: 806-810
Perks HM, Keeling RF (1998) A 400 kyr record of combustion oxygen demand in the western equatorial
Pacific: Evidence for a precessionally forced climate
response. Paleoceanography 13: 63-69
Petschick R, Kuhn G, Gingele F (1996) Clay mineral
distribution in surface sediments of the South
Atlantic: sources, transport, and relation to oceanography. Mar Geol 130: 203-229
Pflaumarm U (1985) Transfer-function "134/6" -anew
approach to estimate sea-surface temperatures and
salinities of the eastern North Atlantic from the planktonic foraminifers in the sediment. "Meteor" Forsch
ErgebnC39: 37-71
Pflaumarm U, Duprat J, Pujol C, Labeyrie LD (1996)
SIMMAX: a modem analog technique to deduce
Atlantic sea surface temperatures from planktonic
foraminifers in deep-sea sediments. Paleoceanography 11: 15-35
Pisias NG etal. (1995) Marine Aspects of Earth System
History (MESH). Report of a Proxy Development
Workshop, Corvallis, Oregon State University,
pp 1-75
Pisias NG, Roelofs A, Weber M (1997) Radiolarian-based
transfer functions for estimating mean surface ocean
temperatures and seasonal range. Paleoceanography 12: 365-379
Pokras EM (1987) Diatom record of Late Quaternary climatic change in the eastern Equatorial Atlantic and
tropical Africa. Paleoceanography 2: 273-286
Pokras EM (1991) Source areas and transport mechanisms for freshwater and brackish-water diatoms
deposited in pelagic sediments of the Equatorial
Atlantic. Quat Res 35: 144-156
Pokras EM, Mix AC (1985) Eolian evidence for spatial
variability of late Quaternary climates in tropical
Africa Quat Res 24: 137-149
Popp BN, Takigiku R, Hayes 1M, Louda JW, Baker EW
(1989) The post-Paleozoic chronology and mechanism of I3 C depletion in primary marine organic matter. Amer J Sci 289: 436-454
Popp BN, Laws EA, Bidigare RR, Dore JE, Hanson KL,
Wakeham SG (1998) Effect of phytoplankton cell
geometry on carbon isotope fractionation. Geochim
Cosmochim Acta 62: 69-77
PrahlFG, Wakeharn SG (1987) Cahbration ofunsaturation
patterns in long-chain ketone compositions for
paleotemperature assessment. Nature 330: 367-369
Prahl FG, Muehlhausen LA, Zalmle DL (1988) Further
evaluation oflong-chain alkenones as indicators of
paleoceanographic conditions. Geochim Cosrnochim
Acta 52: 2303-2310
Prahl FG, De Lange GJ, Lyle M, Sparrow MA (1989)
Postdepositional stability of long-chain alkenones
under contrasting redox conditions. Nature 341:
434-437
Prell WL (1985) The stability oflow-Iatitude sea-surface
temperatures: An evaluation of the CLIMAP reconstructions with emphasis on the positive SST anomalies. Rep TR025, US Dept ofEnergy, Washington DC,
pp 1-60
Prell WL, Curry WB (1980) Faunal and isotopic indices
of monsoonal upwelling: Western Arabian Sea.
OceanolActa4: 91
Prell WL, Imbrie J, Martinson DG, Morley JJ, Pisias NG,
Shackleton NJ, Streeter HF (1986) Graphic correlation of oxygen isotope stratigraphy application to
the Late Quaternary. Paleoceanography 1: 13 7-162
Rack FR (1998) Tomorrow's Technology Today. Interim
Report of the IMAGES standing committee on ''New
Technologies in Sediment Imaging" Joint Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts, Washington,
pp 1-37
Ragueneau 0, Treguer P, Anderson RF, Brzezinski MA,
DeMaster OJ, Dugdale RG, Dymond J, Fischer G,
Francois R, Heinze C, Leynaert A, Meier-Reimer E,
Martin-Jezequel M, Nelson DM, Quequiner B
(subm) Understanding the Si cycle in the modem
ocean, a pre-requisite for a better use of biogenic
opal within a multi-proxy approach of the Earth
paleoproduc-tivity. Global Planet Change
Ra1meyer V, Balzer W, Bergametti G, Chiapello I, Fsicher
G, Wyputta U (1999a) Seasonal impact of mineral
dust in deep-ocean particle flux in the eastern subtropical Atlantic. Mar Geol 159: 241-252
Ra1meyer V, Fischer G, Wefer G (1999b) Lithogenic particle fluxes and grain size distributions in the deep
ocean off northwest Africa: implications for seasonal
changes of aeolian dust input and downward transport. Deep-Sea Res 46: 1289-1337
Rau G (1994) Variations in sedimentary organic d 13 C as
a proxy for past changes in ocean and a1moshperic
CO 2 concentrations. In: Zahn R, Pedersen TF,
Kaminski MA, Labeyrie L (eds) Carbon Cycling in
the Glacial Ocean: Constaints on the Ocean's Role
in Global Change. NATO ASI Series, Vol 17, Springer,
Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 307-321
Rau GH, Takahashi T, Des Marais OJ (1989) Latitudinal
variations in plankton li13C: implications for CO 2 and
productivity in past oceans. Nature 341: 516-518
Rind D, Peteet D (1985) Terrestrial conditions at the last
glacial maximum and CLIMAP sea-surface estimates:
Are they consistent? Quat Res 24: 1-22
51
and the greenhouse effect: might they be connected?
Science 244: 806-810
Perks HM, Keeling RF (1998) A 400 kyr record of combustion oxygen demand in the western equatorial
Pacific: Evidence for a precessionally forced climate
response. Paleoceanography 13: 63-69
Petschick R, Kuhn G, Gingele F (1996) Clay mineral
distribution in surface sediments of the South
Atlantic: sources, transport, and relation to oceanography. Mar Geol 130: 203-229
Pflaumarm U (1985) Transfer-function "134/6" -anew
approach to estimate sea-surface temperatures and
salinities of the eastern North Atlantic from the planktonic foraminifers in the sediment. "Meteor" Forsch
ErgebnC39: 37-71
Pflaumarm U, Duprat J, Pujol C, Labeyrie LD (1996)
SIMMAX: a modem analog technique to deduce
Atlantic sea surface temperatures from planktonic
foraminifers in deep-sea sediments. Paleoceanography 11: 15-35
Pisias NG etal. (1995) Marine Aspects of Earth System
History (MESH). Report of a Proxy Development
Workshop, Corvallis, Oregon State University,
pp 1-75
Pisias NG, Roelofs A, Weber M (1997) Radiolarian-based
transfer functions for estimating mean surface ocean
temperatures and seasonal range. Paleoceanography 12: 365-379
Pokras EM (1987) Diatom record of Late Quaternary climatic change in the eastern Equatorial Atlantic and
tropical Africa. Paleoceanography 2: 273-286
Pokras EM (1991) Source areas and transport mechanisms for freshwater and brackish-water diatoms
deposited in pelagic sediments of the Equatorial
Atlantic. Quat Res 35: 144-156
Pokras EM, Mix AC (1985) Eolian evidence for spatial
variability of late Quaternary climates in tropical
Africa Quat Res 24: 137-149
Popp BN, Takigiku R, Hayes 1M, Louda JW, Baker EW
(1989) The post-Paleozoic chronology and mechanism of I3 C depletion in primary marine organic matter. Amer J Sci 289: 436-454
Popp BN, Laws EA, Bidigare RR, Dore JE, Hanson KL,
Wakeham SG (1998) Effect of phytoplankton cell
geometry on carbon isotope fractionation. Geochim
Cosmochim Acta 62: 69-77
PrahlFG, Wakeharn SG (1987) Cahbration ofunsaturation
patterns in long-chain ketone compositions for
paleotemperature assessment. Nature 330: 367-369
Prahl FG, Muehlhausen LA, Zalmle DL (1988) Further
evaluation oflong-chain alkenones as indicators of
paleoceanographic conditions. Geochim Cosrnochim
Acta 52: 2303-2310
Prahl FG, De Lange GJ, Lyle M, Sparrow MA (1989)
Postdepositional stability of long-chain alkenones
under contrasting redox conditions. Nature 341:
434-437
Prell WL (1985) The stability oflow-Iatitude sea-surface
temperatures: An evaluation of the CLIMAP reconstructions with emphasis on the positive SST anomalies. Rep TR025, US Dept ofEnergy, Washington DC,
pp 1-60
Prell WL, Curry WB (1980) Faunal and isotopic indices
of monsoonal upwelling: Western Arabian Sea.
OceanolActa4: 91
Prell WL, Imbrie J, Martinson DG, Morley JJ, Pisias NG,
Shackleton NJ, Streeter HF (1986) Graphic correlation of oxygen isotope stratigraphy application to
the Late Quaternary. Paleoceanography 1: 13 7-162
Rack FR (1998) Tomorrow's Technology Today. Interim
Report of the IMAGES standing committee on ''New
Technologies in Sediment Imaging" Joint Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts, Washington,
pp 1-37
Ragueneau 0, Treguer P, Anderson RF, Brzezinski MA,
DeMaster OJ, Dugdale RG, Dymond J, Fischer G,
Francois R, Heinze C, Leynaert A, Meier-Reimer E,
Martin-Jezequel M, Nelson DM, Quequiner B
(subm) Understanding the Si cycle in the modem
ocean, a pre-requisite for a better use of biogenic
opal within a multi-proxy approach of the Earth
paleoproduc-tivity. Global Planet Change
Ra1meyer V, Balzer W, Bergametti G, Chiapello I, Fsicher
G, Wyputta U (1999a) Seasonal impact of mineral
dust in deep-ocean particle flux in the eastern subtropical Atlantic. Mar Geol 159: 241-252
Ra1meyer V, Fischer G, Wefer G (1999b) Lithogenic particle fluxes and grain size distributions in the deep
ocean off northwest Africa: implications for seasonal
changes of aeolian dust input and downward transport. Deep-Sea Res 46: 1289-1337
Rau G (1994) Variations in sedimentary organic d 13 C as
a proxy for past changes in ocean and a1moshperic
CO 2 concentrations. In: Zahn R, Pedersen TF,
Kaminski MA, Labeyrie L (eds) Carbon Cycling in
the Glacial Ocean: Constaints on the Ocean's Role
in Global Change. NATO ASI Series, Vol 17, Springer,
Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 307-321
Rau GH, Takahashi T, Des Marais OJ (1989) Latitudinal
variations in plankton li13C: implications for CO 2 and
productivity in past oceans. Nature 341: 516-518
Rind D, Peteet D (1985) Terrestrial conditions at the last
glacial maximum and CLIMAP sea-surface estimates:
Are they consistent? Quat Res 24: 1-22